生防细菌Sneb2010的鉴定及其对甜瓜枯萎病的防治效果研究  

Identification of Bacteria Strain Sneb2010 and Its Control Effect on Melon Fusarium Wilt

作　　者：吴际 朱晓峰[1] 王媛媛[2] 刘晓宇[3] 赵迪 杨宁[1] 段玉玺[1] 范海燕 陈立杰[1] WU Ji;ZHU Xiaofeng;WANG Yuanyuan;LIU Xiaoyu;ZHAO Di;YANG Ning;DUAN Yuxi;FAN Haiyan;CHEN Lijie(College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Biotechnology,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Analysis and Test Center,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学生物技术学院,沈阳110866 [3]沈阳农业大学理学院,沈阳110866 [4]沈阳农业大学分析测试中心,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2024年第6期1331-1346,共16页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助(站中)项目(2022T150442);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32372481);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M692234)。

摘　　要：甜瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌甜瓜专化型Fusarium oxyporum f.sp.melonis引起的一种危害严重的土传病害。本研究采用平板对峙法从688株细菌中筛选到1株对甜瓜枯萎病菌具有显著抑制作用的细菌Sneb2010,抑制率为78.45%。经形态学、生理生化特性结合16S rDNA和gyrA序列分析鉴定其为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis,菌株Sneb2010显著抑制甜瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,使病菌菌丝出现干瘪、皱缩、不规则突起及断裂等畸形现象,促进甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长,产生蛋白酶且具有生物膜形成能力,对多种病原菌均有显著抑制作用。温室试验结果表明,菌株Sneb2010对甜瓜枯萎病防效达64.29%,病原菌数量降低47%。综上所述,贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Sneb2010可有效防治甜瓜枯萎病,为该病害的生物防治提供新的潜在生防资源。Melon Fusarium wilt is a serious soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxyporum f.sp.melonis.In this study,the bacteria strain Sneb2010 with significant inhibitory effect on F.oxyporum f.sp.melonis was selected from 688 strains of bacteria by the dual culture technique,and the inhibition rate was 78.45%.The bacterium Sneb2010 was identified as Bacillus velezensis by morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics combined with 16S rDNA and gyrA sequence analysis.The mycelium growth and spore germination of F.oxyporum f.sp.melonis were significantly inhibited by strain Sneb2010.After Sneb2010 treatment,the mycelia of F.oxyporum f.sp.melonis in the inhibited area showed abnormal phenomena,such as wizened,wrinkled,irregular protrusion and fracture.Strain Sneb2010 could promote the germination of melon seeds and the growth of seedlins.It was found that the strain Sneb2010 could produce protease and had the ability of biofilm forming.In addition,strain Sneb2010 showed strong inhibitory effects on a variety of pathogenic fungi.The results of pot experiment showed that,the control effect of Sneb2010 on melon Fusarium wilt was 64.29%,the number of pathogens decreased by 47%.In conclusion,B.velezensis Sneb2010 could effectively control melon Fusarium wilt,and provide a new potential biocontrol resource for the biological control of melon Fusarium wilt.

关 键 词：甜瓜枯萎病 生防细菌 筛选 鉴定 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]