中草药与亚磷酸钾复配对苹果叶部病害的防治效果及对叶片生理特性的影响  

Control Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Potassium Phosphite on Apple Leaf Diseases and Its Impact on Leaf Physiological Characteristics

作　　者：柳建伟 魏江文 吴宜亭 李金峰 赵智慧 史广亮 姜延军 LIU Jianwei;WEI Jiangwen;WU Yiting;LI Jinfeng;ZHAO Zhihui;SHI Guangliang;JIANG Yanjun(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gansu,Pingliang 744000,China;College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市农业科学院,平凉744000 [2]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2024年第6期1366-1374,共9页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：甘肃省陇原青年英才项目资助(甘人社通[2023]142号);平凉市科技计划项目(平科任[2021]23号)。

摘　　要：苹果锈病和黑星病是严重危害苹果生产的叶部病害。为发展苹果叶部病害的生物防治技术,本研究评价了中草药与亚磷酸钾复配对苹果锈病和黑星病的防治效果及其对苹果叶片生长的影响。结果表明,中草药与亚磷酸钾复配处理后14、28 d对苹果锈病的防效为61.65%和73.00%,对苹果黑星病的防效分别为90.91%和98.85%,与化学农药10%苯醚甲环唑防治效果相当,同时可减少中草药和亚磷酸钾用量10%和24.92%,减量增效作用明显。复配处理能增加苹果叶片面积、厚度、鲜重、干重以及叶绿素和氨基酸含量,防御酶SOD、PPO、CAT、PAL和LOX活性明显增强,较对照分别上升83.73%、503.45%、109.26%、116.01%和320%。因此,中草药与亚磷酸钾复配能够有效控制苹果锈病和黑星病的发生,提高苹果树抗病性,在苹果叶部病害的绿色防控中具有较大应用潜力。Apple rust and apple scab are leaf diseases that can significantly diminish apple production.This study aimed to develop a biocontrol strategy using a combination of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and potassium phosphite to manage these diseases.The efficacy of this combined treatment was evaluated on disease control and its impact on apple leaf growth.The results showed that the integrated approach provided control efficiencies of 61.65%and 73.00%against apple rust,and 90.91%and 98.85%against apple scab at 14 and 28 days post-final application,respectively.These rates were comparable to the application of difenoconazole 10%WG,while reducing the dosage of the Chinese herbal medicine and potassium phosphite by 10%and 24.92%,respectively,demonstrated a significant synergistic effect.The combined treatment also led to an increase in leaf area,thickness,and both fresh and dry weights,as well as enhanced levels of chlorophyll and amino acids.Additionally,it significantly boosted the activities of defense enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),catalase(CAT),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),and lipoxygenase(LOX),with increases ranging from 83.73%to 503.45%over the control.The combination of Chinese herbal medicine and potassium phosphite could control the occurrence of apple rust and apple scab effectively,and improved the disease resistance of apple trees,showing great potential for green control of apple leaf diseases.

关 键 词：中草药 亚磷酸钾 苹果黑星病 苹果锈病 防效 酶活性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]