水锤效应下压力波沿裂隙波动规律模拟研究  

Simulation study of pressure wave fluctuation law along fracture under water hammer effect

作　　者：傅晋奇 年军 程文旭 FU Jinqi;NIAN Jun;CHENG Wenxu(College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《煤矿安全》2025年第1期19-25,共7页Safety in Coal Mines

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274220)。

摘　　要：为了分析水锤效应对裂隙内脉动水压力传播规律的影响,基于一维瞬变流模型与水锤运动方程和连续性方程,通过数值模拟研究流体运动状态瞬时变化时水锤压力的跃升及波动规律。模拟结果表明:脉动水流在裂隙中以一定流速流动时,当遇到裂隙末端闭合时,流速受阻降低,受惯性和压力波叠加反射的作用会发生水锤效应;在水锤作用下流体压力会瞬时跃升并且以矩形压力波的形式冲击煤体裂隙;当压力波交替升降作用于煤体裂隙内部时,激增的流体压力有利于解堵及裂隙扩展,形成水锤正反馈;而因压力波的叠加反射,不同流段的流体会相互阻碍导致压力降低甚至变为负压,形成水锤负反馈;负反馈导致冲击裂隙的压力降低,但形成的周期性交变压力可以对煤体形成疲劳损伤,并衍生出更多新裂隙,提高压裂效果。In order to analyze the effect of water hammer effect on the propagation law of pulsating water pressure in the fissure,based on the one-dimensional transient flow model with water hammer equation of motion and continuity equation,the jump and fluctuation law of water hammer pressure when the fluid motion state changes instantaneously is studied by numerical simulation.The simulation results show that when the pulsating water flows at a certain flow rate in the fissure,the flow rate is hindered and reduced when it encounters the closure of the fissure end,and the water hammer effect occurs due to the superimposed reflection of inertia and pressure waves.Under the action of water hammer,the fluid pressure will jump instantaneously and hit the coal fissure in the form of rectangular pressure wave.When the pressure wave alternately rises and falls inside the coal fissure,the surge fluid pressure is beneficial to unblock and fissure expansion,forming a positive water hammer feedback;while the superimposed reflection of the pressure wave,the fluid in different flow sections will obstruct each other,resulting in pressure reduction or even negative pressure,forming a negative water hammer feedback.The negative feedback causes the pressure of impact fracture to decrease,but the formed periodic alternating pressure can form fatigue damage to the coal body and derive more new fractures to improve the fracturing effect.

关 键 词：水锤效应 水力压裂 卸压增透 脉动压力 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]