基于酵母油脂技术的生物质炼制  

Yeast lipid technology for biomass refinery

作　　者：张珺璐 吕力婷 梁世玉 赵宗保 Junlu Zhang;Liting Lyu;Shiyu Liang;Zongbao KZhao(MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing,School of Bioengineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学生物工程学院智能生物制造教育部重点实验室,大连116024

出　　处：《中国科学:化学》2025年第1期28-36,共9页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2021YFA0910600);国家自然科学基金(编号:22238010,22308350)资助项目。

摘　　要：油脂是食品、生物能源、功能材料及医药化工的基础原料,但我国油脂资源长期短缺.由于耕地必需保障粮食作物种植,我国难以通过扩种油料植物解决油脂短缺问题.木质纤维素类生物质资源丰富,可为通过现代生物技术合成油脂提供物质基础.我们提出了基于酵母油脂技术的生物炼制思路,但其技术经济性尚受制于过程复杂、原料利用度偏低和油脂得率低等关键问题.因此,致力于生物质转化为油脂的全链条创新研究,涉及预处理与生物质糖制备、油脂发酵过程工程、资源综合利用、圆红酵母(Rhodotorula toruloides)产油机制解析和先进脂质细胞工厂构建等.本综述简要回顾了酵母油脂技术的背景,重点介绍了作者近年来在本领域的研究成果,并展望了未来如何推动其产业化应用进程.Lipids including vegetable oils are bulk commodities of strategic significance,but China has remained short of vegetable oils for years.It is unlikely to secure lipids resources via substantially increasing oil crops,as arable land in China is limited and must be used for growing grain crops.On the other hand,lignocellulosic biomass is a rich resource,which can be explored for lipid production via modern biotechnology.We developed a biorefinery concept that focuses on yeast lipid technology to convert biomass-derived sugars into lipids.To improve the techno-economics of this technology,it is important to address key issues including low substrate utilization rates,complicated processes and low lipid yields.Thus,our research covered all aspects related to yeast lipid technology,including biomass pretreatment,recovering biomass-derived sugars,engineering cell culture process,exploiting wastes therewith,deciphering the molecular bases of lipid accumulation in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides,and constructing advanced lipid producer.Here we will briefly review the history of yeast lipid technology,and recent progress in this area with a special focus on our own efforts,and then provide potential options to promote yeast lipid production at commercial scale.

关 键 词：生物质 生物转化 产油酵母 生物燃料 油脂化学品 生物炼制 生物制造 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]