微生物双向胞外电子传递及其驱动的生物质资源化研究进展  

Recent advances in microbial bidirectional extracellular electron transfer and its application for biomass resource utilization

作　　者：张琼方 雍阳春[1] Qiong-Fang Zhang;Yang-Chun Yong(Biofuels Institute,School of Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学生物质能源研究院,环境与安全工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《中国科学:化学》2025年第1期69-85,共17页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(前沿基础)项目(编号:BK20220003)资助。

摘　　要：电活性微生物(electroactive microorganisms,EAMs)在生物质资源化领域中扮演着重要的角色.EAMs具有高效的胞外电子传递(extracellular electron transfer,EET)能力,包括正向EET(电子从微生物释放到外部受体)和反向EET(电子从外部供体被微生物利用),能够实现微生物与胞外介质的双向电子交换.依赖于这种双向EET功能,通过EAMs驱动的微生物燃料电池,微生物电发酵和微生物电合成等技术,能够实现生物质能量及其碳资源的高效回收和利用.但是,当前这些技术的应用仍面临EET效率低下、调控策略缺乏等关键挑战.因此,本文概述了微生物双向EET机制最新进展,重点探讨了提高微生物EET效率的多尺度调控策略,综述了EAMs在生物质资源化中的最新应用进展,并针对当前面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望,以期促进微生物双向EET在生物质资源化研究的应用.Electroactive microorganisms(EAMs)play a crucial role in biomass resource utilization.EAMs possess efficient extracellular electron transfer(EET)capabilities,including outward EET(electrons released from microorganisms to external receptors)and inward EET(electrons absorbed from external donors to microorganisms),enabling bidirectional electron exchange between microorganisms and extracellular medium.Depending on the bidirectional EET function,technologies driven by EAMs such as microbial fuel cells,microbial electrofermentation,and microbial electrosynthesis could achieve efficient recovery and utilization of biomass energy and carbon resources.However,the application of these technologies still faces key challenges such as low EET efficiency and a lack of regulation strategies.Therefore,this paper outlines the latest advancements in microbial bidirectional EET mechanisms,focusing on multi-scale regulatory strategies to improve microbial EET efficiency,and reviews the latest progress of EAMs in biomass resource utilization.It also provides a perspective on the current challenges and future development directions,aiming to promote research and application of biomass resource utilization driven by microbial bidirectional EET.

关 键 词：生物质资源化 电活性微生物 胞外电子传递 微生物燃料电池 微生物电合成 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]