LUCC多情景模拟下黄土沟壑区流域径流响应规律及其适应性规划对策——以晋西三川河流域为例  

Response pattern of watershed runoff in loess gully area under LUCC multi⁃scenario simulation and its adaptive planning strategy:a case study of Sanchuan River Basin in west of Shanxi Province

作　　者：雷泽鑫 罗俊杰 张文正 高静 赵旭强[2] LEI Zexin;LUO Junjie;ZHANG Wenzheng;GAO Jing;ZHAO Xuqiang(College of Architecture,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences(Shanxi People′s Government Development Research Center),Taiyuan 030032,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学建筑学院,太原030024 [2]山西省社会科学院(山西省人民政府发展研究中心),太原030032 [3]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300 [4]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第3期1090-1101,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金青年项目(202203021222125);“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3802801)。

摘　　要：黄土沟壑区作为黄土高原水土流失的严重区域,其土地利用与土地覆被变化(LUCC)对水土保持和生态修复具有重要影响。以晋西三川河流域为例,运用SWAT和PLUS模型,从景观格局的宏观视角,设置了流域上中下游极端土地利用、沟谷川地缓冲区土地利用与未来不同形态生态用地共3类70个LUCC情景,模拟多情景下流域径流响应,并提出适应性空间规划对策。研究发现,上游区域以林地作为土地利用主要方式,能够有效减少地表径流、提高水土涵养能力。相比之下,下游区域土地利用类型对流域的产汇流作用影响较小。河道沿线缓冲区的宽度变化对流域产汇流影响明显具有尺度特征,其中河道沿线400m和900m范围,是重要的尺度范围。此外,生态用地分布形态对径流控制效果有明显差异,其中,线性分布模式年径流量较低,控制效果较好。基于此,提出“流域空间-河谷空间-生态基础设施”三个尺度层级的流域雨洪安全格局构建对策,旨在塑造流域生态安全格局、提高区域可持续发展能力。本研究为黄土沟壑区区水土保持、生态保护与社会经济发展的协调统一提供科学依据和实践指导。As a serious area of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau,the land use and land cover change(LUCC)in loess gully area has an important impact on soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.Taking the Sanchuan River Basin in west Shanxi province as an example,t using the SWAT and PLUS models,a total of 70 LUCC scenarios in three categories,including extreme land use in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the basin,land use in the buffer zone of the gully and river valley,and different forms of ecological land use in the future,were set up from the macroscopic perspective of the landscape pattern,to simulate the response of the basin′s runoff under the multiple scenarios,and to propose the adaptive spatial planning countermeasures.It was found that the upstream area is characterized by forested land as the main land use,which can effectively reduce surface runoff and improve soil and water conservation capacity.In contrast,the type of land use in the downstream area has less influence on the role of watershed yielding sinks.The influence of buffer width changes along the river on watershed yield and sink flow is obviously characterized by scale,of which the 400m and 900m ranges along the river,are important scale ranges.In addition,the distribution pattern of ecological land use has obvious differences in runoff control effects,and the annual runoff volume is lower in the linear distribution scenario,which shows better control effects.Based on this,we propose to construct a rainfall safety pattern in the watershed at three scales of“watershed space⁃valley space⁃ecological infrastructure”,aiming at shaping the ecological safety pattern of the watershed and improving the capacity of sustainable development in the region.This study provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the harmonization of soil and water conservation,ecological protection and socio⁃economic development in loess gully areas.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 景观生态规划 水土保持 SWAT模型 PLUS模型 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]