北京山区森林生态系统水源涵养功能沿海拔梯度的空间变异  

Spatial patterns of forest water conservation function along an elevation gradient in the Beijing mountain area

作　　者：张祯尧 陈思瑾 张振明[2] 余新晓[2] 夏兵 ZHANG Zhenyao;CHEN Sijin;ZHANG Zhenming;YU Xinxiao;XIA Bing(Postdoctoral Programme of Beilinyuan Landscape and Architecture Planning and Design Institute,Shenzhen 518055,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市北林苑景观及建筑规划设计院有限公司博士后工作站,深圳518055 [2]北京林业大学,北京100083 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第3期1239-1250,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(BFUKF202418)。

摘　　要：水源涵养是森林生态系统服务功能的重要组成部分。对北京鹫峰国家森林公园150-1150m海拔范围内10个海拔梯度上坡面主要水文过程进行了研究,发现水源涵养量随海拔升高呈“降-升-降”的变化规律,在海拔450m处最小(55mm),海拔750m处达到最大值(130mm)。水源涵养量在150-450m海拔范围内下降的主要原因是以蒸散为主要形式的水分输出在这一海拔区间随海拔升高递增,蒸散量占降水量的80%,在750-1150m海拔范围内下降的主要原因是降水输入随海拔升高递减。研究区土壤砾石含量高、降雨集中的特点,有利于强降水最大限度发生下渗,土壤水深层渗漏量超过降水量的20%。水分大量下渗有利于补充地下水、降低强降水引发土壤侵蚀的风险,但土壤砾石含量过高保水性太差使得水分大量下渗会造成土壤水分亏缺(-1.61%/a)。以海拔变化表征华北地区气候暖干化趋势发现,未来该区森林生态系统的水源涵养功能有减弱的可能,水资源短缺造成的生态压力或将进一步提升。The realization of the forest water conservation function is an important aspect of the ecosystem,contributing to human well⁃being.Some studies evaluated soil water conservation function based on the soil water storage capacity,while the actual water conservation and water storage capacity often have certain differences.It is not rigorous to directly equate the water conservation function of litter and soil with its maximum water capacity in quantitative analysis.In recent years,it attached great importance to the distinction between the water holding capacity and the water conservation amount of the forest ecosystem in study.In this study,we analyzed the spatial variation of forest ecosystem water holding capacity(maximum water capacity)and actual water conservation along the elevation gradient,and the results showed that the variation patterns were very different.In this study,we selected the Jiufeng national forest park,which has a representative vertical distribution of soil and vegetation in the soil⁃rock mountain area of north China,as the research site.We took elevation as the main spatial variable,monitored the main hydrological processes at 10 gradients stations within the elevation range of 150-1150m,and concluded that:the water holding capacity of the forest ecosystem basically depends on the water storage capacity of the soil layer(91.89%),which basically shows a monotonous increasing trend with the elevation,while the change of the actual water conservation is complex.Forest ecosystem actual water conservation presented the change of“decrease⁃increase⁃decrease”,its decline(89-55mm)in the range of 150-450m is due to the evapotranspiration increase with elevation in this elevation interval,and evapotranspiration accounted for 80%of the precipitation.In the 75-1150m range,the decline in precipitation with increasing elevation is the main reason for the decrease in actual water conservation(from 130 to 88mm)in this elevation interval.The influence rate of the three water conservation layers o

关 键 词：海拔梯度 水量平衡 生态系统服务 水源涵养 土石山区 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]