育雏期杂色山雀对不同类型巢捕食者的应对行为策略  

Study on behavioral strategies of varied tits to deal with different types of nest predators during brooding period

作　　者：杨金玉 封德全 万冬梅[1] 刘亚男 张雷[1] YANG Jinyu;FENG Dequan;WAN Dongmei;LIU Yanan;ZHANG Lei(Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention,School of Life Sciences,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China;Liaoning Xianrendong National Nature Reserve Administration,Dalian 116407,China;High School Attached to Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100022,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁省动物资源与病疫防治重点实验室,沈阳110036 [2]辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区管理局,大连116407 [3]北京工业大学附属中学,北京100022

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第3期1486-1493,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872231)。

摘　　要：巢捕食是驱动鸟类行为进化的一个重要因素,促使鸟类进化出一系列的行为策略。为探究鸟类应对不同巢捕食者的行为策略,于2016年4-7月利用赤峰锦蛇(Elaphe anomala)和花鼠(Tamias sibiricus)模拟巢入侵实验,基于人工巢箱分别在育雏前期(子代6-8日龄)和育雏后期(子代15-17日龄)对杂色山雀(Sittiparus varius)亲鸟和雏鸟的反捕食行为进行了研究。结果显示:杂色山雀亲鸟的巢防御行为和雏鸟的反捕食行为会根据繁殖进程和捕食者类型的变化而进行调整。亲鸟应对捕食者行为的强度随繁殖进程的推进而升高(OR=3.061,P=0.003),随捕食者的危险程度的增加而降低(OR=0.451,P=0.023)。亲鸟报警鸣声的激烈程度随捕食者危险程度的增加而增加,随繁殖进程的推进而升高(P<0.001)。雏鸟在育雏前期对亲鸟的报警鸣声均无任何回应;但在育雏后期听到亲鸟对花鼠的报警鸣声时,均迅速停止一切活动并静默蹲踞在巢箱底部(n=31,P<0.001),当听到亲鸟对赤峰锦蛇的报警鸣声时,87.1%繁殖巢的雏鸟均会迅速尝试逃出巢箱,其余繁殖巢雏鸟则仍是静默蹲踞在巢底(n=31,P<0.001)。Nest predation is an important factor driving the evolution of bird behavior,prompting birds to evolve a series of behavioral strategies.In order to explore the behavioral strategies of birds to deal with different types of nest predators,the nest invasion experiments of Elaphe anomala and chipmunk(Tamias sibiricus)were simulated from April to July 2016.Based on the artificial nest box,the anti⁃predation behavior of parents and chicks of varied tits(Sittiparus varius)was studied in the early(6⁃8 days old)and late(15⁃17 days old)brooding period respectively.The results showed that the anti⁃predation behavior of parents and nestlings of varied tits would be adjusted according to the change of breeding process and predator type.The intensity of parent bird′s response to predator behavior increased with the advance of breeding process(OR=3.061,P=0.003),and decreased with the increase of predator risk(OR=0.451,P=0.023).The intensity of parent bird alarm calls increased with the increase of predator risk and the advance of breeding process(P<0.001).The nestlings did not respond to the alarm call of the parent birds in the early brooding stage.However,when the alarm call of the parent bird to the chipmunk was heard in the late brooding period,all activities were quickly stopped and squatted silently at the bottom of the nest box(n=31,P<0.001).When the alarm sound of the parent bird to the Elaphe anomala was heard,87.1%of the nestlings in the breeding nest would quickly try to escape from the nest box,while the rest of the nestlings were still squatting silently at the bottom of the nest(n=31,P<0.001).

关 键 词：巢捕食 巢防御 杂色山雀 入侵实验 广义线性混合模型 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]