预应力增强陶瓷的设计制备方法与影响机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Design, Preparation and Influential Mechanism of Prestressed Ceramics

作　　者：包亦望[1,2] 李月明 万德田 李海燕[1,2] 张小娜 付帅 孙熠 李恺 BAO Yiwang;LI Yueming;WAN Detian;LI Haiyan;ZHANG Xiaona;FU Shuai;SUN Yi;LI Kai(State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials,China Building Materials Academy,Beijing 100024,China;China Testing&Certification International Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024,China;Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333403,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]绿色建材国家重点实验室,中国建筑材料科学研究总院,北京100024 [2]中国国检测试控股集团股份有限公司,北京100024 [3]景德镇陶瓷大学,江西景德镇333000

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2025年第2期437-450,共14页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52032011);中国建筑材料科学研究总院绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室自立项目(ZA119)。

摘　　要：表层压应力可以大幅度提高脆性材料的弯曲强度和抗冲击性能,如预应力混凝土和钢化玻璃。但如何实现陶瓷表面的预设压应力是预应力陶瓷研究的核心和关键。本文介绍最新发展的陶瓷表层压应力形成的2种方式,即表面涂层法和表面挤压法。对于先进陶瓷和传统陶瓷,均可采用预应力增强来大幅度提高陶瓷构件的强度和耐久性。对于氧化物先进陶瓷,预应力增强可使弯曲强度提高40%~50%,而对于传统陶瓷,强度可以提高1倍左右。涂层法影响表层预应力的主要因素是涂层与基体材料的膨胀系数比值、弹性模量比值以及截面积比值。表层挤压法的主要影响因素是离子交换的温度和时间。另外,通过混合涂层法试验实现了氧化铝陶瓷基板的强度和导热性同步提升的结构功能一体化,显示了预应力陶瓷的巨大潜力。It is well known that the compressive stress in surface layer can significantly improve the flexural strength and impact resistance of brittle materials, such as prestressed concrete and tempered glass. For the past century, many prestressed concrete and tempered glass have been manufactured successfully and widely used in various fields. However, little progress has been made for ceramic materials because of the high melting temperature and the intrinsic brittleness of ceramics. How to achieve the preset compressive stress on the ceramic surface is the key issue for prestressed ceramic research. This work introduces two ways for the formation of compressive stress on ceramic surface, namely surface coating method and surface extrusion method. Both advanced ceramics and traditional ceramics can use prestressing reinforcement to significantly improve the strength and durability of ceramic components. For advanced oxide ceramics, prestressing can increase the flexural strength by 40%-50%, while for traditional ceramics, the strength can be doubled. In addition, the structural-functional integration of the alumina ceramic substrate was achieved, i.e. both the strength and thermal conductivity of alumina sample were improved through the mixed coating. Besides, prestress strengthening method was applied to prepare the high-performance and mechanically stable solid electrolyte. Due to the sufficiently high compressive stress in the surface layer of solid electrolyte, cracks and dendrite penetration were restrained. Therefore, a controllable and long-life solid electrolyte was obtained. In general, by introducing compressive stress in the surface layer of ceramics, the fracture energy and impact resistance of ceramics were improved effectively. The main factors affecting surface prestressing by coating method are the ratio of expansion coefficient and the ratio of elastic modulus between the coating and the substrate material, as well as the ratio of cross-sectional area. It was found that, to generate the compressive s

关 键 词：预应力陶瓷 表面涂层法 表面挤压法 高强度 高耐久性 

分 类 号：TQ174.6[化学工程—陶瓷工业]