早期受冻混凝土及其防冻技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Early-Age Frozen Concrete and Its Protection Techniques

作　　者：吴泽媚[1,2] 崔鑫溦 郑新颜 张艳聪 WU Zemei;CUI Xinwei;ZHENG Xinyan;ZHANG Yancong(College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;State Key Laboratory of Bridge Safety and Resilience,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Shanxi Transportation Research and Development,Co.,Ltd,Taiyuan 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学土木工程学院,长沙410082 [2]湖南大学,桥梁工程安全与韧性全国重点实验室,长沙410082 [3]山西省交通科技研发有限公司,太原030032

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2025年第2期471-494,共24页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3708700);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52008164);黄土地区公路建设与养护技术交通行业重点实验室开放课题(KLTLR-Y23-6)。

摘　　要：我国东北、西北高原等寒冷地区冬季混凝土施工导致的早期受冻影响水泥的水化进程,使得混凝土孔结构疏松,内部可结冰水多,不利于混凝土力学性能及耐久性的发展。首先简要介绍了早期受冻混凝土冻融损伤机理及损伤评价方法,然后综述了不同影响因素,包括起冻时间、受冻温度、受冻时长、预养护制度、水胶比、辅助性胶凝材料、防冻剂品种和掺量等,对早期受冻混凝土力学性能、耐久性和微观结构的影响规律。基于关键影响因素对早期受冻混凝土的作用机理提出了基于延缓早期受冻时间、提高混凝土早期强度、降低可结冰水含量和抑制内部水分冻结的早期受冻混凝土防护措施,并对每种技术措施的优缺点进行对比分析。可为寒冷地区混凝土基础设施的早期受冻研究和防护提供理论基础和技术指导,以提升其耐久性及服役寿命。Concrete industries in cold regions, such as Northeast and Northwestern China, are facing serious challenges in achieving targeted performance criteria of concrete during winter construction. The early freezing of concrete during winter construction affects the hydration process of cement, rendering porous structure and increased internal frozen water content, which is detrimental to the development of mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Thus, investigating the performance and microstructure of early-age frozen concrete and proposing protection techniques are of great importance to the design, preparation, and durability improvement of concrete infrastructures in cold areas. There is a large amount of unhydrated free water in the newly mixed concrete, which can be transformed into ice once frozen at low temperatures. This process generates 9% increase in volume, leading to expansion stress on concrete. Since the cement paste at an early age has a low hydration degree, its frost resistance is relatively weak due to its low tensile strength. Once the expansion stress exceeds the ultimate tensile strength of the material, cracks will occur and accelerate the deterioration of concrete. In addition, when the temperature rises above the freezing point of the pore solution, the ice melts and leaves cavities in concrete, resulting in irreversible losses of strength and durability. The properties and microstructure of early-age frozen concrete are affected by factors, such as mixture proportion, water-to-binder ratio, antifreeze admixture type and dosage, freezing onset time, freezing temperature, freezing duration, and pre-curing regime, etc. The water-to-binder ratio is the primary factor influencing the damage degree of early-age frozen concrete because it directly determines the content of freezable water and concrete strength. When the water-to-binder ratio decreases from 0.46 to 0.29, the liquid water contents in the total and capillary pores decrease by 34.0% and 56.8%, respectively. Under a given wat

关 键 词：早期受冻混凝土 损伤评价 微观结构 防冻技术 

分 类 号：TU528[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]