微生物和肠道干细胞互作调控幼龄动物肠道发育的研究进展  

Recent advances in the interaction between microbiota and intestinal stem cells regulating intestinal development in young animals

作　　者：戴立梅 邓远坤 孟云龙 谭碧娥 印遇龙[3] 齐鸣 王婧 DAI LiMei;DENG YuanKun;MENG YunLong;TAN Bi'E;YIN YuLong;QI Ming;WANG Jing(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha 410128,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,长沙410128 [2]岳麓山实验室,长沙410128 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第1期1-14,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFD1300403);湖南省自然科学基金(批准号:2024JJI004)资助。

摘　　要：肠道干细胞通过增殖和分化沿隐窝-绒毛轴不断地向上迁移,构成全部肠上皮细胞,是生命早期肠道发育的结构基础.肠道微生物可通过其表面分子或者代谢物调控肠道干细胞的命运与功能,继而影响肠道发育轨迹.本文对肠道干细胞稳恒及上皮更新作用驱动幼龄动物肠道发育、修复肠道稳态的研究进行综述.重点解析肠道微生物表面鞭毛蛋白、肽聚糖、脂多糖以及微生物三大代谢产物短链脂肪酸、色氨酸代谢物、次级胆汁酸对肠道干细胞增殖与分化的调控机制.探讨益生菌、益生元等营养物质及菌群移植对肠道干细胞发育的促进作用,为研究生命早期微生物菌群与肠道发育互作提供参考.Intestinal stem cells continuously migrate upwards along the crypt villus axis through proliferation and differentiation,so as to constitute the entire intestinal epithelium and serve as the structural basis for intestinal development during early life.Gut microbiota can regulate the fate and function of intestinal stem cells via their surface molecules or metabolites,thereby influencing the trajectory of intestinal development.This review examines how the intestinal stem cells and epithelial renewal drive intestinal development and restore intestinal homeostasis in young animals.This study focuses on elucidating the intricate regulatory mechanisms of the surface components of gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids,tryptophan metabolites and secondary bile acids on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells.Additionally,the stimulatory effects of nutrients,such as probiotics and prebiotics and microbial transplantation on the development of intestinal stem cells are thoroughly explored in this review,which providing a reference for studying the interactions between microbiota and intestinal development during early life.

关 键 词：肠道发育 干细胞 微生物 代谢产物 营养调控 

分 类 号：S852.2[农业科学—基础兽医学]