微囊藻毒素的人群暴露健康危害与防控研究  

The adverse effects and mitigation strategies of microcystin exposure in humans:a critical review

作　　者：马子雅 严长安 李立新 唐誉茜 李靖娅 常学秀 向萍 MA ZiYa;YAN ChangAn;LI LiXin;TANG YuXi;LI JingYa;CHANG XueXiu;XIANG Ping(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration and Ecological Services,Kunming 650224,China;Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health,National Plateau Wetlands Research Center,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science,Kunming 650034,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake Basin,Kunming 650034,China;Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health/College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学国家高原湿地中心,环境修复与健康研究院,昆明650224 [3]云南省生态环境科学研究院,昆明650034 [4]云南省高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室,昆明650034 [5]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院/高原湖泊生态与环境健康云南省高校协同创新中心,昆明650214

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第1期113-130,共18页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:42367064);云南省兴滇英才计划青年人才项目(批准号:YNQR-QNRC-2018-049);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(批准号:202105AC160015);云南省基础研究专项-面上项目(批准号:202401AT070308)资助。

摘　　要：富营养化水体中水华蓝藻释放的微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)对全球淡水生态系统和人类健康造成了严重危害,已成为全球公共卫生领域的研究热点和前沿课题.本文综述了MCs的污染现状和对人体的不同暴露途径、毒性效应机制等,并在多维度视角下探讨了MCs的健康风险阻控途径.具体内容包括:MCs主要通过饮用受污染的水、食用受污染的食物、皮肤接触和呼吸道摄入等方式暴露于人体,且高温烹煮并不能降低MCs浓度;由MCs引起的皮肤毒性、肝毒性、生殖毒性、肾脏毒性和神经毒性等会对人体健康产生较大的影响;提出应从源头、传播途径和降低人体毒性效应等方面进行MCs的健康风险阻控,其中大蒜素和辅酶Q10等物质已被证明可有效预防MCs引发的健康危害.最后,本文提出了MCs对人类其他潜在暴露途径的健康风险和未来可能的一些研究方向,以期为准确评估MCs对人体的毒性以及健康风险防控提供科学依据.Microcystins(MCs)released by cyanobacteria in eutrophic water bodies pose serious threats to global freshwater ecosystems and human health,making them a hot topic in public health research.This review summarizes the current status of MCs pollution,different exposure routes in humans,and toxicological mechanisms,and it explores health risk mitigation strategies from various perspectives.More specifically,human body is exposed to MCs primarily through contaminated water and food,skin contact,and inhalation,and high-temperature cooking does not reduce the concentration of MCs.MCs can cause significant health impacts,including skin toxicity,liver toxicity,reproductive toxicity,kidney toxicity,and neurotoxicity.It is suggested to control the health risks of MCs from the source and transmission routes,and by reducing their toxic effects on humans.Substances such as allicin and Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)have been shown to effectively prevent health hazards caused by MCs.Finally,the potential health risks from other exposure routes and future directions of research on MCs are proposed to provide evidence for accurately assessing their toxicity and health risk prevention.

关 键 词：微囊藻毒素 暴露途径 毒性效应 健康风险 防控措施 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]