古DNA揭示中国西北地区史前人类对野生动物资源的利用  

Ancient DNA reveals the utilization of wild animal resources by prehistoric humans in Northwest China

作　　者：宋光捷 蔡大伟[1,2] 朱存世 胡松梅 周静 任晓燕[6] 无 SONG Guangjie;CAI Dawei;ZHU Cunshi;HU Songmei;ZHOU Jing;REN Xiaoyan;无(Bioarchaeology Laboratory,Jilin University,Changchun 130012;School of Archaeology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012;Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Yinchuan 750001;Key Laboratory of Archaeological Sciences and Technology,Ministry of Education,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237;Institute of Cultural Heritage,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237;Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000;Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学生物考古实验室,长春130012 [2]吉林大学考古学院,长春130012 [3]宁夏回族自治区文物考古研究所,银川750001 [4]山东大学科技考古教育部重点实验室,青岛266237 [5]山东大学文化遗产研究院,青岛266237 [6]甘肃省文物考古研究所,兰州730000 [7]青海省文物考古研究所,西宁810007

出　　处：《人类学学报》2025年第1期117-131,共15页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“古动物DNA视角下的丝路文化交流研究”(17ZDA221)。

摘　　要：进行古代野生动物遗存的研究,有助于我们了解古代居民的饮食结构、狩猎活动、经济模式等问题,在此基础上应用古DNA技术,则有利于区分家养动物与野生动物。本研究对中国西北地区长宁、磨沟、泉护村、打石沟4个遗址的9例形态学鉴定为“绵羊”或“山羊”的动物样本进行古DNA研究,通过古DNA提取、建库和高通量测序,成功获得了这9例样本的线粒体全基因组序列。根据比对分析、系统发育分析、主成分分析和遗传距离计算,鉴定出这些样本分别为牛科和鹿科动物下的4个不同野生种属,说明古DNA技术可以弥补形态学在鉴定动物遗存方面的不足。结合4个遗址的相关资料,从分子角度证实了中国西北地区史前时期先民在肉食来源、殉葬和骨器原料等方面,普遍存在将野生动物作为动物资源的补充的情况。Genomic analysis of ancient wild animal remains is of not only great significance for the conservation and utilization of genetic resources of wild animal species but also crucial for helping us understand the diet compositions and hunting activities of ancient human beings as well as their social-economic development patterns.Ancient DNA technology has been widely employed in archaeological research.Among its numerous strengths,its potential to decipher the genetic information carried by biological samples at the molecular level has been widely acknowledged,and many researchers have utilized ancient DNA analysis to distinguish between domestic and wild animals.Moreover,when combined with historical and archaeological evidence,it offers us robust scientific and technological support,enabling us to comprehensively understand ancient human societies,including their origins and evolutionary processes.In this study,the ancient DNA of nine animal samples,which were excavated from the Changning,Mogou,Quanhucun,and Dashigou sites in Northwest China and morphologically identified as either“sheep”or“goats”,was investigated using ancient DNA technology.Ancient DNA extraction,library construction,and high-throughput sequencing were carried out,and the mitochondrial genome sequences of the nine samples were successfully obtained.Alignment analysis was performed between the genomic sequences of these samples and the 146 mitochondrial genomic sequences of Cervidae and Bovidae(used as reference data).The results of the alignment analysis indicated that these nine samples were identified as belonging to four different wild animal species within the families of Cervidae and Bovidae:the Siberian roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)of the genus Capreolus within the subfamily Odocoileinae;the Przewalski’s gazelle(Procapra przewalskii)and Tibetan gazelle(Procapra picticaudata)of the genus Procapra within the subfamily Antilopinae;and the Sumatran serow(Capricornis sumatraensis)of the genus Capricornis within the subfamily Caprinae.

关 键 词：古DNA 物种鉴定 中国西北 野生动物资源 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]