基于电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法的大棚和露天种植模式下典型叶类蔬菜重金属累积特征  

Study on Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Typically Leafy Vegetables under Greenhouse and Open-field Cultivation Based on ICP-MS

作　　者：庞婷婷 金紫依 高家晖 潘钰 肖彩玲 陈路锋 曹梦西[1] 刘艳伟 阴永光[2] 梁勇[1] PANG Tingting;JIN Ziyi;GAO Jiahui;PAN Yu;XIAO Cailing;CHEN Lufeng;CAO Mengxi;LIU Yanwei;YIN Yongguang;LIANG Yong(Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances,School of Environment and Health,Jianghan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430056,China;Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学持久性有毒污染物环境与健康危害湖北省重点实验室,环境与健康学院,武汉430056 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境纳米技术与健康效应实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《中国无机分析化学》2025年第3期330-339,共10页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0907400)。

摘　　要：随着人类膳食结构的改变,因蔬菜摄入导致的重金属暴露越来越受到关注。而有关大棚和露天种植模式下叶类蔬菜重金属富集特征、影响因素及主要来源研究的缺乏,限制了对蔬菜富集重金属的有效控制。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定湖南攸县大棚和露天种植的白苋菜和空心菜中Cd、Pb、As和Cr的含量发现,除白苋菜中As和空心菜中的Cd,其余叶类蔬菜重金属浓度呈现大棚种植低于露天种植的趋势。大棚种植模式下土壤水溶态Cd与叶类蔬菜各部位Cd浓度呈现显著的正相关关系,说明水溶态Cd可以更有效地预测土壤Cd的生物有效性,也表明土壤可能是大棚种植叶类蔬菜Cd的主要来源;而土壤及大气共同影响了露天叶类蔬菜Cd的富集。除了大棚种植的空心菜Cd外,大棚种植的白苋菜和空心菜的其他单一重金属风险商(HQ)均低于露天种植,且露天种植的白苋菜的危害指数(HI)显著高于大棚种植,说明露天种植的叶类蔬菜存在较高的健康风险。研究结果丰富了对不同种植模式下蔬菜重金属富集及健康风险的认识,并有望为蔬菜的安全种植及利用提供理论依据。With the changes in human dietary structure,exposure of heavy metals posed by consumption of vegetables has drawn more and more attention.However,the lack of study on the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation,influencing factors,and sources in leafy vegetables grown in greenhouse and open-field cultivation limited the effective control of heavy metal accumulation in vegetables.Herein,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS) was utilized to determine the concentrations of Cd,Pb,As and Cr in white amaranth and water spinach sampling from greenhouse and open-field cultivation in Youxian county,Hunan province.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in leafy vegetables grown in greenhouse were generally lower than those in open field,except for As in white amaranth and Cd in water spinach.The significantly positive relationship between concentrations of water-soluble Cd in soils and Cd in vegetables grown in greenhouse suggested that the water-soluble Cd could be used for more effectively predicting plant availability of Cd in soil.The soil was identified to be dominant source of Cd in leafy vegetables grown in greenhouse.while,both soil and atmospheric deposition affected Cd accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in open field.The hazard quotient(HQ) of each heavy metal in white amaranth and water spinach grown in greenhouse was lower than those in open field,except for Cd in water spinach grown in greenhouse.Moreover,the hazard index(HI) in white amaranth grown in open field was significantly higher than that in greenhouse,indicating the higher health risk posed by heavy metals in leafy vegetables grown in open field.The outcomes of this study are expected to shed new light on an improved understanding of heavy metal accumulation and health risk in vegetables under greenhouse and open-field cultivation,and provide scientific basis for safe cultivation and utilization of vegetables.

关 键 词：重金属 叶类蔬菜 富集 大棚种植 露天种植 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学]