2023—2024年上海市某三甲医院发热门诊流感病毒及呼吸道合胞病毒流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in fever clinic of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai from 2023 to 2024

作　　者：万采玲 吴小翠[2] 余方友 Wan Cailing;Wu Xiaocui;Yu Fangyou(School of Public Health,Jiangxi Medical College,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330019,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,School of Medicine,Tongji University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学公共卫生学院,南昌330019 [2]同济大学附属上海市肺科医院检验科,上海200433

出　　处：《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》2025年第1期34-38,共5页Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

摘　　要：目的分析上海市某三甲医院发热门诊流感样病例中甲型流感病毒(influenza virus A,FluA)、乙型流感病毒(influenza virus B,FluB)及呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)的流行特征,为流感病毒、RSV的防控提供参考。方法收集2023年2月—2024年5月于上海市肺科医院就诊的流感样病例口咽拭子,GeneXpert快速检测技术检测FluA、FluB和RSV核酸,分析患者年龄、性别特征及感染的病毒类型、混合感染情况。结果共有11094例患者同时进行了FluA、FluB和RSV核酸检测,检出阳性率分别为36.82%(4085/11094)、9.70%(1076/11094)、1.44%(160/11094)。2023年2月—2024年5月,FluA流行特点以冬春季为主,2023年3月份阳性率最高(74.51%,766/1028),感染人群以0~18岁(45.62%,198/434)为主。FluB感染则以冬季为主,2024年1月份阳性率最高(32.73%,547/1671),主要感染19~44岁(12.98%,857/6601)人群。由于样本中儿童病例较少,所以RSV感染主要集中在60岁以上的老年人(3.19%,94/2950),且阳性检出率每月均不超过5%。偶尔存在2种病毒合并感染(24例)的情况。结论2023—2024年上海地区流感病毒出现大规模流行,FluA与FluB交替成为优势毒株,RSV阳性率持续保持在较低水平,呈散发状态。不同病原体主要流行年龄群体不同,未来仍需加强监测。ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A virus(FluA),influenza B virus(FluB),and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)in cases with influenza-like illness in the fever clinic of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of influenza virus and RSV infections.MethodsOropharyngeal swabs were collected from cases with influenza-like illness who were treated in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from February 2023 to May 2024.The nucleic acids of FluA,FluB,and RSV were detected by GeneXpert test.The demographic features including age and gender,and the epidemiological characteristics of viral infections and mixed infections in these patients were analyzed.ResultsA total of 11094 patients were tested for the nucleic acids of FluA,FluB,and RSV,and the positive rates were 36.82%(4085/11094),9.70%(1076/11094),and 1.44%(160/11094),respectively.During the period from February 2023 to May 2024,FluA mainly circulated in winter and spring,reaching its peak in March 2023(74.51%,766/1028)and mainly affecting individuals aged 0 to 18(45.62%,198/434).FluB infection mainly occurred in winter,peaking in January 2024(32.73%,547/1671)with the highest positive rate among individuals aged 19 to 44(12.98%,857/6601).As few children were involved in this study,RSV infection was mainly detected in the elderly over 60 years old(3.19%,94/2950),and the positive rate was less than 5%every month.Co-infection of two viruses(24 cases)were occasionally detected.ConclusionsFrom 2023 to 2024,a large-scale influenza virus epidemic appears in Shanghai area,with FluA and FluB alternately being the dominant strain,and the positive rate of RSV remains at a low level,showing a sporadic pattern.The main age groups affected by different pathogens vary,and strengthened surveillance is still needed in the future.

关 键 词：流感病毒 呼吸道合胞病毒 流行特征 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]