我国绝对重力观测应用与研究进展  

Application and research progress of absolute gravity observation in China

作　　者：王嘉沛 韩宇飞 张新林[1,4] 李忠亚 张明辉 祝杰 杨光亮 胡敏章[1,4] 申重阳 Wang Jiapei;Han Yufei;Zhang Xinlin;Li Zhongya;Zhang Minghui;Zhu Jie;Yang Guangliang;Hu Minzhang;Shen Chongyang(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy,Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration,Wuhan 430071,China;China Earthquake Networks Center,Beijing 100045,China;Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Gravitation and Earth Tide,National Observation and Research Station,Wuhan 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震研究所地震大地测量重点实验室,武汉430071 [2]中国地震台网中心,北京100045 [3]中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,武汉430071 [4]武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站,武汉430071 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评(中英文)》2025年第3期243-257,共15页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：中国地震局地震研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(IS202326341);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42204089,42374105,42174104)。

摘　　要：高精度的地表重力观测是研究地球内部变形和物质运移的关键手段之一.近十几年来,随着现代精密大地测量观测技术的高速发展,以及地表高精度重力观测数据的积累,绝对重力观测在我国防震减灾事业和地球科学领域的应用与研究进一步深入和拓展.本文主要总结了我国绝对重力观测在大地测量学和地球物理学中最新的应用与研究进展,包括绝对重力观测技术(绝对重力观测网络和绝对重力数据处理),以及绝对重力在地震监测(地震监测预报、地震重力仪器的标定与比对观测)、地球动力学(地壳构造变形、地表物质迁移和重力场模型建立与评估)中的研究进展;最后,在绝对重力观测的空间分辨率、重力测网设计和重力观测新技术等方面,对绝对重力观测的发展趋势和应用研究方向提出了一些建议.随着我国自主研发的各类型绝对重力仪逐渐成熟,相信绝对重力观测在应用与研究方面将会迎来更广阔的机遇和前景.High precision surface gravity observation is one of the key means to study the internal deformation and material transport of the Earth.In the past decade,with the rapid development of modern precision geodetic observation technologies and the accumulation of high-precision gravity observation data on the surface,the application and research of absolute gravity observation in China's earthquake prevention and disaster reduction un dertakings and the field of earth science have been deepened and expanded.This article mainly summarizes the application and research progress of absolute gravity observation in geodesy and geophysics in China,including the development of absolute gravity observation technologies(absolute gravity observation network,absolute gravity data processing),as well as the research progress of absolute gravity in earthquake monitoring(earthquake monitoring and prediction,calibration,and comparative observations of seismic gravity instruments)and geodynamics(crustal structural deformation,surface material migration,establishment and evaluation of gravity field models).Finally,some suggestions are proposed for development trends and application research directions of absolute gravity observation in terms of spatial resolution,gravity measurement network design,and new gravity observation technologies.With the gradual maturation of various types of independently developed absolute gravimeters in China,it is believed that absolute gravity observation will bring broader opportunities and prospects in application and research.

关 键 词：绝对重力 地震监测 地球动力学 陆态网络 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]