基于地震波的地下介质时变研究进展  

Review of temporal variations of underground medium based on seismic waves

作　　者：孟益 刘志坤 Meng Yi;Liu Zhikun(Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes(China University of Geosciences,Beijing),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China;School of Geophysics and Information Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]陆内火山与地震教育部重点实验室(中国地质大学,北京),北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评(中英文)》2025年第3期292-312,共21页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(42274071)。

摘　　要：作为一颗充满活力的星球,地球存在着从秒(如地震破裂)到百万年(如地幔对流)跨越十几个时间数量级的动态演化过程.利用地震波携带的信息,目前已经获得了从分钟到年尺度的地下介质动态变化.本文较为系统地总结了基于地震波的地下介质随时间变化监测方法及应用.首先介绍了一些传统的时变研究方法,包括波速比、剪切波分裂、尾波Q值和接收函数方法、以及时移成像新技术;之后重点介绍利用重复信号研究地下介质变化的新方法,这些信号主要来自主动源、重复地震及背景噪声互相关,基于尾波干涉测量技术,极大提高了波速测量的精度.本文还综述了目前地震波时变监测的主要应用领域,包括火山喷发、地震、滑坡、工业活动、慢地震、内核差速旋转、降雨和地下水等环境因素相关的变化监测.最后基于目前的研究方法和应用情况,从观测技术、数据处理方法和应用领域等方面对地震波速时变研究进行了展望.As a vibrant and ever-evolving planet,the Earth has a dynamic evolution process spanning more than a dozen orders of magnitude from seconds(e.g.,seismic rupture)to millions of years(e.g.,mantle convection).Dynamic changes in underground media,spanning from minute to year scales,have been captured and analyzed based on seismic wave.This paper systematically summarizes the methods and applications of monitoring temporal changes of underground media based on seismic waves.We introduce traditional temporal variation monitoring methods like VP/VS ratio,shear wave splitting,coda Q value,and receiver functions,along with novel time-lapse seismic tomography.The new method focuses on repeated signals from active sources,repeat earthquakes,and ambient noise correlation,enhancing seismic velocity measurement accuracy via coda interferometry for underground medium monitoring.This paper also reviews key applications of seismic temporal changes monitoring,encompassing volcanic eruptions,earthquakes,landslides,industrial activities,slow earthquakes,core differential rotation,rainfall,as well as changes associated with environmental factors such as rainfall and groundwater levels.Lastly,future prospects for temporal variations of seismic velocity researches are anticipated in observation technology,data processing,and application domains.

关 键 词：剪切波分裂 接收函数 尾波干涉法 火山喷发 地震 环境因素 时间变化 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]