宝鸡市2024年“7·16”暴雨形成机制及其致灾分析  

Analysis on the formation mechanism of"7.16"rainstorm in Baoji on July 16,2024

作　　者：谢娅 师乐乐 韩洁[2] 王婷[2] 任冲 张翀[1] XIE Ya;SHI Le-le;HAN Jie;WANG Ting;REN Chong;ZHANG Chong(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation,College of Geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China;Baoji Meteorological Bureau,Baoji 721006,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院/陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟实验室,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]宝鸡市气象局,陕西宝鸡721006

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版)》2024年第4期77-82,共6页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项科学研究计划项目(22JK0249);陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室开放基金课题(2023G-24)。

摘　　要：目的分析宝鸡市7月16日致洪暴雨过程的形成机制及洪水爆发的原因。方法利用多种气象观测资料及遥感影像结果进行分析。结果宝鸡市7月16日特大暴雨的形成是由于副热带高压边缘促使冷暖空气在宝鸡市上空交汇,延伸形成辐合带抬升水汽,西南暖湿气流与850 hPa偏东风为暴雨提供了充足的水汽,同时,秦岭山脉的地形抬升作用增强了水汽凝结等共同作用的结果。此外,低层急流和中层冷空气的配合导致对流层内剧烈的动力和热力交换,最终引发了大暴雨。宝鸡市特殊的地形地貌特点以及城市扩张引起的土地利用类型的改变,不透水地面的增加、城市地表性状以及河道形状的改变等多种因素导致了此次宝鸡地区暴雨洪水现象的发生,加剧了城市洪水灾害的威胁。结论暖湿气流与地形抬升是宝鸡市暴雨形成的主要原因,城市建设和暴雨因素的叠加是导致洪水灾害发生的原因。Purposes—To analyze the formation mechanisms of the heavy rainfall event in Baoji City on July 16 and the causes of the flood arising therefrom.Methods—Multiple meteorological observation data and various remote sensing images were utilized for the purposes.Results—The extreme rainfall on July 16 in Baoji City was caused by the edge of the subtropical high pressure promotes the convergence of cold and warm air in the Baoji area and it is extension forms a convergence zone to which lifts water vapor.The southwest warm and moist airflow,combined with the easterly wind at 850 hPa,provided abundant moisture for the rainfall.Additionally,the topographic uplift effect of the Qinling Mountains enhanced the condensation of water vapor.Moreover,the interaction between low-level jets and mid-level cold air resulted in intense dynamic and thermal exchanges within the troposphere,ultimately leading to the heavy rainstorm.The unique geomorphological features of Baoji,along with changes in land use caused by urban expansion,the increase in impermeable surfaces,alterations in urban surface characteristics,and modifications to river channel shapes,all contributed to the occurrence of this rainstorm-induced flood,thus intensifying the threat of urban flood disasters.Conclusions—Warm and humid airflow and topographic uplift are the main causes of rainstorm in Baoji,and the superposition of urban construction and rainstorm factors is the cause of flood disaster.

关 键 词：暴雨 形成机制 气象因素 致灾分析 

分 类 号：P42[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]