急倾斜薄矿脉开采技术现状与“采—选—充”协同开采新模式  

Current Situation of Mining Technology of Sharply Inclined Thin Veins and New Model for"Mining-Selection-Filling"Synergistic Mining

作　　者：李元辉 丁跃跃 孔伟中 李坤蒙 肖贵轩 LI Yuanhui;DING Yueyue;KONG Weizhong;LI Kunmeng;XIAO Guixuan(State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Deep Metal Mining and Equipment,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]深部金属矿智能开采与装备全国重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《金属矿山》2025年第1期27-36,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC2903801);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52274115);辽宁省科学技术计划项目(编号:2023JH1/10400004)。

摘　　要：自20世纪80年代以来,急倾斜薄矿脉开采以浅孔留矿法和削壁充填法为主。近30 a来,静态留矿法、小分段浅孔留矿法、削壁充填法、削壁留矿法以及中深孔高效采矿方法等多种适应不同开采条件的采矿新工艺不断研发和应用,提高了极薄矿脉和不稳定矿岩的开采效率和矿石贫损控制水平。由于薄矿脉矿体形态变化大、采场作业空间狭小、机械化程度低,一直面临着生产效率低、作业安全性差、矿石贫化高、损失大等突出问题。为进一步提高开采效率、降低贫损率,从协同开采理论出发,提出了薄矿脉井下“采—选—充”协同开采新模式。通过将矿石预选、尾废充填工艺移至井下,采用中深孔落矿的高效采矿方法,在井下开拓系统中增设矿石预选抛废装置,提前分离矿石中的粗粒废石,提高供矿品位,并将预选处理的废石和粗粒尾砂充填至采空区,创新了采、选、充协同高效绿色开采工艺流程。所提开采新模式对于改变薄矿脉开采效率低、矿石贫损率大、作业安全性差、开采成本高等现状,破解开采效率与贫损控制难以兼顾的重大技术难题具有深远意义。Since the 80s of the 20th century,the mining of steeply inclined thin veins has mainly been based on shallow hole retention method and wall cutting and filling method.In the past 30 years,the continuous development and application of a variety of new mining technologies adapted to different mining conditions,such as static ore retention method,small segmented shallow hole ore retention method,wall cutting and filling method,wall cutting and ore retention method,and medium and deep hole high-efficiency mining methods,have improved the mining efficiency and ore poverty control level of extremely thin vein and unstable ore and rock mining.Due to the large change in the morphology of the thin vein ore body,the narrow operation space of the stope,and the low degree of mechanization,it has been facing outstanding problems such as low production efficiency,poor operation safety,high ore dilution,and large loss.Based on this,in order to further improve the mining efficiency and reduce the poverty loss rate,this paper proposes a new mode of"mining-selection-filling"synergistic mining in the underground of thin veins based on the theory of synergistic mining.By moving the ore pre-separation and tailings filling process to the underground,the high-efficiency mining method of medium and deep hole ore falling is adopted,and the ore pre-separation and waste throwing device is added to the underground development system,the coarse-grained waste rock in the ore is separated in advance,the ore supply grade is improved,and the pre-separated waste rock and coarse-grained tailings are filled into the goaf,so as to innovate the efficient and green mining process of mining,separation and filling.The proposed new mining model is of great and far-reaching significance for changing the status quo of low mining efficiency,large ore poverty rate,poor operation safety and high mining cost of thin ore veins,and solving the major technical problems that are difficult to balance mining efficiency and poverty loss control.

关 键 词：急倾斜薄矿脉 开采效率 贫损控制 “采—选—充”协同开采 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]