露天台阶爆破智能设计系统研发及应用  

Development and Application of Intelligent Design System for Open-pit Bench Blasting

作　　者：杨军 李立杰 刘红岩 YANG Jun;LI Lijie;LIU Hongyan(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing 100081,China;School of Computer Science&Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Jinggongbochuang Science and Technology Limited Corporation(Beijing),Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学计算机学院,北京100081 [3]京工博创(北京)科技有限公司,北京100091

出　　处：《金属矿山》2025年第1期160-167,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:22178026)。

摘　　要：爆破作为采矿的主要环节在数字化矿山建设中具有举足轻重的作用,提高爆破设计的科学性和合理性,需要突破传统爆破设计过多依靠个人经验和爆破理论发展不足等瓶颈。为此,以VC++作为开发平台,采用Open GL作为3D图形引擎,由底层自主开发了相应的露天台阶爆破智能设计系统。该系统基于高精度延时逐孔起爆条件下单孔拟柱体(炮孔分担区域)破碎理论模型,结合人工智能和台阶爆破设计原理,实现三维布孔自动化、起爆网络连接自动化、爆破参数选取智能化和设计图表规范化等目标。系统具有的逐孔计算校核炮孔药量和爆破震动、飞石及爆堆破碎效果预测等功能,成功解决了爆破方案精确设计中的核心问题。最后将该系统应用于非洲纳米比亚湖山铀矿复杂矿体矿岩分离爆破生产实践,通过矿岩分离爆破技术成功地将矿石贫化率由最初的17%大幅降至13%,直接生产成本降低了4.60%,同时显著提高了矿山爆破作业的智能化水平,节约了企业总生产成本,取得了显著的经济和社会效益。As the main link of mining,blasting plays a decisive role in the construction of digital mines.To improve the scientific and rational blasting design,it is necessary to break through the bottlenecks of traditional blasting design,such as relying too much on personal experience and insufficient development of blasting theory.Therefore,VC++is used as the development platform,Open GL is used as the 3D graphics engine,and the corresponding intelligent design system of open-pit blasting is independently developed from the bottom.This system is based on the theoretical model of the single blasthole pseudo-cylinder(hole sharing area)crushing model under the condition of high-precision and time-delayed blasthole by blasthole initiation,and combined with artificial intelligence and bench blasting design principle,which realizes the goals of three-dimensional blasthole layout automation,detonation network connection automation,intelligent blasting parameter selection and standardized design diagram.The system has the technology of blasthole by blasthole calculation to check the charge amount of the blasthole and prediction of blasting vibration,flying rock and blasting pile effect,which solves the core problem of accurate design of the blasting scheme.Finally,the system is applied in the production practice of rock and ore separation blasting for complex ore body of Hushan Uranium Mine in Namibia,Africa.The ore dilution rate has been greatly reduced from the initial 17%to 13%through the separation blasting technology,and the direct production cost is reduced by 4.60%.Meanwhile,the intelligent level of mine blasting operation is significantly improved,the production cost of enterprises is reduced,and remarkable economic and social benefits are achieved.

关 键 词：露天台阶爆破 智能设计系统 单孔拟柱体破碎模型 爆破效果预测 矿岩分离 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]