一种基于STM32微控制器的电阻型湿度传感器校准系统设计  

Design of a Resistive Humidity Sensor Calibration System Based on STM32 Microcontroller

作　　者：张鹏[1] 殷家璇 陶佰睿[1] 李会[1] ZHANG Peng;YIN Jiaxuan;TAO Bairui;LI Hui(College of Communications and Electronics Engineering,Qiqihar University,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学通信与电子工程学院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《传感技术学报》2025年第1期75-81,共7页Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators

基　　金：黑龙江省省属本科高校优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划项目(YQJH2023105);黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGZB2024187);2023年度黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(145309328);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2023F052)。

摘　　要：提出了一种基于STM32微控制器的电阻型湿度传感器校准系统,旨在提高传感器的工作性能,特别是要减少因湿滞和温度噪声等带来的误差。主要包括基于PID(比例微分积分)算法与PWM(脉宽调制)控制的饱和盐溶液相对湿度参考标准测试环境,干湿球温度计湿度辅助测试定标系统,以及Buck(降压斩波)开关电源和LDO(低压差线性稳压)电路组成的电源电路、恒温电路、气压检测电路、电机驱动电路和输出显示电路等模块的软硬件设计。最后自制GO/ZnO/PCF(氧化石墨烯/氧化锌/植物纤维素薄膜)电阻型湿度传感器,把该电阻型湿度传感器放置在各相对湿度参考标准测试环境中实时记录传感器输出电阻值并对其进行校准测试,经多轮试验和数据处理,运用二分查找算法获取该传感器对应湿度数据。研究结果表明,所设计的校准系统可以将湿度传感器误差控制在±2%RH内,并在标准湿度测试环境中实现10 s内达到90%的稳定响应。此外,经过误差校准后,传感器恢复至新的稳定状态所需的时间不超过30 s。该校准系统具有低成本、简便操作和便携性等显著优势,具有重要的实用价值。A resistance humidity sensor calibration system based on STM32 microcontroller is proposed,aiming to improve the accuracy and linearity of the sensor,which mainly includes a reference standard testing environment for relative humidity of saturated salt solution based on PID(proportional differential integral)algorithm and PWM(pulse width modulation)control,and the software and hardware de-sign of the wet and dry bulb thermometer humidity auxiliary test calibration system,power circuit,constant temperature circuit,air pres-sure detection circuit,motor drive circuit,output display circuit and other modules composed of Buck(Buck chopper)switching power supply and LDO(low dropout linear regulator)circuit.Finally,the GO/ZnO/PCF(graphite oxide/zinc oxide/vegetable cellulose film)resistance humidity sensor is self-made.The resistance humidity sensor is placed in the relative humidity reference standard test envi-ronment to record the output resistance value of the sensor in real time and calibration is performed.After multiple rounds of tests and data processing,the binary search algorithm is used to obtain the corresponding humidity data of the sensor.The research shows that the designed calibration system can control the error of the humidity sensor within±2%RH,and achieve a stable response of 90%within 10 seconds in a standard humidity test environment.Furthermore,after an error calibration,the sensor takes no more than 30 seconds to recover to a new stable state.The calibration system has significant advantages such as low cost,easy operation and portability,and has important practical value.

关 键 词：湿度传感器 校准实验箱 嵌入式系统 PID 

分 类 号：TP206[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TP212.1[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]