浙江省温州地区无偿献血者梅毒筛查试验阳性人口学特征分析及假阳性献血者召回检测  

Demographic characteristics of positive syphilis screening test results in unpaid blood donors in Wenzhou of Zhejiang Province and recall testing for false positive donors

作　　者：吴娅娅 张锋[1] 杨杰 陈晓燕[1] Wu Yaya;Zhang Feng;Yang Jie;Chen Xiaoyan(Department of Quality Management,Wenzhou Central Blood Station,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Blood Transfusion Medicine,Wenzhou325000,Zhejiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市中心血站质量管理科、温州市输血医学重点实验室,温州325000

出　　处：《中国基层医药》2025年第1期33-36,共4页Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：浙江省温州市基础性医疗卫生科技项目(Y20220739)。

摘　　要：目的分析温州地区无偿献血者梅毒筛查阳性人口学特征及假阳性献血者回归献血队伍理论依据。方法对2020年3月至2022年9月温州地区无偿献血者梅毒筛查阳性人群746例人口学特征进行回顾性研究,对单试剂阳性献血者进行有针对性的告知、健康征询、一般检查合格,经献血者本人同意,进入归队流程。结果检测296898人份献血者血液标本,共筛查梅毒抗体阳性标本746例,阳性率为0.3%;梅毒抗体阳性标本中,以男性、>35~45岁、A型和O型血型、初中及以下受教育程度、初次献血者为主(男性占53.6%,>35~45岁占34.0%,A型和O型分别占30.2%、36.9%,初中及以下受教育程度占43.7%,初次献血者占81.6%)。召回对象共14例,其中11例被成功召回,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测梅毒抗体阴性占比为85.7%(12/14),本次召回成功率为78.6%(11/14)。结论为避免梅毒通过输血传播,采供血机构应当从低危人群中招募献血者,发展定期献血者队伍。同时,应该制定一套科学合理的召回方案,降低合格献血者的流失,有效保证血液安全。Objective To analyze the demographic characteristics of positive syphilis screening test results among unpaid blood donors in Wenzhou and to provide a theoretical basis for recalling donors who have received false positive results in their syphilis screening tests.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on the demographic characteristics of 746 unpaid blood donors in Wenzhou who tested positive for syphilis from March 2020 to September 2022.Donors with positive single-test results received targeted notifications,health inquiries,and general examinations.With their consent,these donors were allowed to re-enter the blood donation process.ResultsA total of 296898 blood donor samples were tested,resulting in the identification of 746 positive cases of syphilis antibodies,yielding a positivity rate of 0.3%.Among the positive cases,most were males aged between 35 and 45 years,with blood types A and O.They generally had an education level of junior high school or lower and were primarily first-time donors.Specifically,males accounted for 53.6%of the positive cases,while individuals aged 35 to 45 years made up 34.0%of the positive cases.Blood types A and O comprised 30.2%and 36.9%of the positive cases,respectively.Additionally,individuals with an education level of junior high school or below accounted for 43.7%of the positive cases,and first-time donors constituted 81.6%.A total of 14 cases were recalled,of which 11 were successfully contacted.Among the cases that underwent testing with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,85.7%(12/14)tested negative for syphilis antibodies,resulting in a recall success rate of 78.6%(11/14).ConclusionsTo prevent the transmission of syphilis through blood transfusions,blood donation centers should prioritize recruiting donors from low-risk populations and encourage regular blood donation.Furthermore,these centers should implement a comprehensive and effective recall program to reduce the loss of qualified blood donors and enhance blood safety.

关 键 词：供血者 梅毒血清诊断 假阳性反应 性别因素 年龄因素 

分 类 号：R44[医药卫生—诊断学]