水声OTFS通信系统的研究现状、挑战与趋势  

Research Status,Challenges and Trends of Underwater AcousticOTFS Communication System

作　　者：廖勇[1] 刘爽[1] 汪浩 LIAO Yong;LIU Shuang;WANG Hao(School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Chongqing Shouxun Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学微电子与通信工程学院,重庆400044 [2]重庆首讯科技有限公司,重庆401147

出　　处：《电讯技术》2025年第2期165-176,共12页Telecommunication Engineering

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0025)。

摘　　要：水声通信作为海洋信息传输的核心技术,广泛应用于海洋探测、海事监管及海底工程等领域。然而,水声信道因双重色散特性而极具挑战性,对系统设计构成重大障碍。尽管正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技术已在水声通信中得到广泛应用,但其性能仍受限于信道状态估计的准确性。正交时频空(Orthogonal Time Frequency Space, OTFS)调制技术通过将数据转换到时延-多普勒域内传输,能够有效地应对水声信道中的多径效应和多普勒频移,提高通信系统的性能和可靠性。综述了OTFS在水声通信中的关键处理技术,涵盖信道估计、信道均衡及多址接入技术三个核心方面,并从天线拓展、机器学习融合及同步创新等方面探讨了未来发展趋势,同时详细分析了复杂信道环境下的信号检测、计算复杂度与实时性平衡、参数估计准确性及水下环境对数据可靠性的影响面临的技术挑战。Underwater acoustic communication serves as a core technology for ocean information transmission,with widespread applications in ocean exploration,maritime supervision,and underwater engineering.However,the underwater acoustic channel presents significant challenges due to its doubly dispersive characteristics,posing major obstacles to system design.Although orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)technology has been widely used in underwater acoustic communication,its performance is still limited by the accuracy of channel state estimation.Orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation technology,by transforming data for transmission in the delay-Doppler domain,can effectively address multipath effects and Doppler shifts in underwater acoustic channels,thereby enhancing the performance and reliability of communication systems.The authors review the key processing techniques of OTFS in underwater acoustic communication,covering three core aspects:channel estimation,channel equalization,and multiple access technologies.And they discusse the future development trends in terms of antenna expansion,machine learning integration,and synchronization innovation.At the same time,they analyze in detail the technical challenges faced in signal detection in complex channel environments,balancing computational complexity and real-time performance,accuracy of parameter estimation,and the impact of underwater environments on data reliability.

关 键 词：水声通信 正交时频空(OTFS) 信道估计 信道均衡 多址接入 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统]