隔板布置型式对竖缝式鱼道水力特性影响研究  

Study on the Influence of Partition Arrangement Type on Hydraulic Characteristics of Vertical Slot Fishway

作　　者：邹旭宏 Zou Xuhong(Guangzhou Water Planning&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]广州市水务规划勘测设计研究院有限公司,广东广州510640

出　　处：《陕西水利》2025年第1期11-13,20,共4页Shaanxi Water Resources

摘　　要：鱼道是为解决大坝或水闸等水工建筑物阻断鱼类上溯而修建的人工通道。以某拦河闸坝鱼道工程中的竖缝式鱼道为研究对象,初步设计竖缝式鱼道的结构形式,设置同侧、异侧、双侧竖缝布置三种工况,通过有限元方法对简化的鱼道模型进行计算。流场采用雷诺平均N-S方程进行模拟,RNG k-ε湍流模型对方程进行封闭,使用有限差分法对流体计算域进行离散,压力速度耦合的求解采用GMRES算法。对不同隔板布置型式的竖缝式鱼道进行对比分析,探讨隔板布置对池室流速大小、流场分布和湍动能等水力特性的影响。结果表明,不同隔板布置型式基本不影响主流区流速范围,主流区流速范围均在0.8 m/s~1.1 m/s,但对湍动能有较大影响,异侧竖缝布置对湍流耗散能力最强。同侧竖缝布置的隔板型式是优选方案,可对竖缝式鱼道的设计提供一定的参考意义。Fishways are artificial channels built to solve the problem of fish being blocked from swimming upstream by hydraulic structures such as dams or sluices.Taking the vertical slot fishway in a dam fishway project as the research object,the structural form of the vertical slot fishway is preliminarily designed,and three working conditions of vertical slots on the same side,opposite side,and both sides are set.The simplified fishway model is calculated by the finite element method.The flow field is simulated by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation,the RNG k-turbulence model is used to close the equation,the finite difference method is used to discretize the fluid calculation domain,and the GMRES algorithm is used to solve the pressure-velocity coupling.The vertical slot fishways with different baffle arrangements are compared and analyzed to explore the influence of baffle arrangements on the hydraulic characteristics of the pool chamber,such as flow velocity,flow field distribution,and turbulent kinetic energy.The results show that different baffle arrangements basically do not affect the flow velocity range in the mainstream area,which is in the range of 0.8 m/s~to 1.1 m/s,but have a greater impact on the turbulent kinetic energy.The vertical slot arrangement on the opposite side has the strongest turbulence dissipation capacity.The partition type with vertical seams on the same side is the preferred option and can provide a certain reference for the design of vertical seam fishways.

关 键 词：竖缝式鱼道 水力特性 数值模拟 隔板布置型式 

分 类 号：S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖]