税收激励与民营经济创业——来自“营改增”的证据  

Tax Incentives and Private Economic Entrepreneurship: Evidence from the Policy of VAT Reform

作　　者：余泳泽 陈建 Yu Yongze;Chen Jian(School of International Economics and Business,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,210023 [2]南京财经大学财政与税务学院,210023

出　　处：《经济评论》2025年第1期3-19,共17页Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“社会失信的空间传染效应与创新知识溢出:量化识别、机制分析与传染路径”(42471190);国家自然科学基金青年项目“社会失信传染与企业流动性风险:量化识别、治理模式与机制研究”(72303092);国家自然科学基金青年项目“开发区建设与制造业创新窘境破解:影响机制、作用效果与政策优化”(72103086)的资助。

摘　　要：减税降费是释放民营经济活力的重要举措。本文以“营改增”这一结构性减税政策实施为例,从理论上厘清税收激励影响民营企业增长的内在机理,并构建渐进双重差分模型考察了“营改增”政策对民营经济创业的增长效应。研究发现,“营改增”政策实施显著促进了民营经济创业增长。机制分析表明,“营改增”政策主要通过减税形成的税收激励促进创业活动的增长。减税对服务业占比高的城市和非创业型试点城市的民营经济创业增长的影响更强。拓展分析表明,减税的创业增长效应在受“营改增”政策影响较大、对企业税收依赖较强、财政自主权较高以及出台较多创业配套政策的城市中得以增强。本文研究结论为充分发挥税收激励的民营经济创业增长效应,助力民营经济发展壮大提供了启示。Reducing taxes and fees is a key measure to unleash the vitality of private enterprises. This paper takes the implementation of the structural tax reduction policy of “VAT reform” as an example to clarify the unique mechanism of tax incentives influencing the growth of private enterprises from a theoretical perspective. It builds a sequential double-differenced model to examine the actual effect of the “VAT reform” policy on the entrepreneurial growth of the private economy. The study found that the implementation of the “VAT reform” policy significantly promoted the entrepreneurial growth of the private economy. The mechanism analysis shows that the “VAT reform” policy mainly promotes the growth of entrepreneurial activities through tax incentives that reduce the tax burden of enterprises. The reduction of taxes has a stronger impact on the entrepreneurial growth of the private economy in cities with a high proportion of services and non-entrepreneurial cities. The extension analysis shows that the entrepreneurial growth effect of tax reduction is enhanced in cities where the “VAT reform” policy has a greater impact, where enterprises have stronger dependence on taxes, where local governments have higher fiscal autonomy, and where more entrepreneurial support policies have been implemented. The research conclusions provide policy implications for fully leveraging the entrepreneurial growth effect of tax incentives for the private economy.

关 键 词：税收激励 民营经济 “营改增” 创业增长 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学] F276.5