最低工资制度与劳动力市场买方势力  

The Minimum Wage System and Monopsony Power in the Labor Market

作　　者：戴家武[1] 王业 李汛 熊瑞祥 Dai Jiawu;Wang Ye;Li Xun;Xiong Ruixiang(Business School,Hunan Normal University;Economics and Management School,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学商学院,410081 [2]武汉大学经济与管理学院,430072

出　　处：《经济评论》2025年第1期133-151,共19页Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“劳动力市场买方势力影响收入分配的理论机制与政策优化研究”(23BJL044)的资助。

摘　　要：建设全国统一大市场是构建新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求。本文基于买方垄断视角,首先估测出企业在劳动力市场的买方势力,然后采用双重差分法评估了最低工资制度对买方势力的因果效应及影响机制。研究发现,中国工业企业在劳动力市场拥有较强的买方势力,且呈现逐年上升趋势;技术密集型企业的买方势力最弱,劳动和资本密集型企业的买方势力较强;最低工资制度显著削弱了企业的买方势力,各种稳健性检验均支持这一结果。异质性分析发现,最低工资制度对劳动密集型企业、低技能企业、小型企业、外资企业和国有企业买方势力的抑制效应较大。机制分析表明,最低工资制度主要通过工资上涨和劳动力需求收缩效应削弱了企业的买方势力。本文的研究有助于合理评估中国劳动力市场结构,丰富和拓展最低工资制度的研究视角,为进一步完善最低工资制度提供理论借鉴。Building a unified national market is the basic support and internal requirement for the new development pattern construction. Based on the perspective of monopsony, this paper first estimates monopsony power in the labor market, and then evaluates the causal effect and influence mechanism of the minimum wage system on monopsony power with the difference-in-difference model. The results show that: Chinese industrial enterprises have a strong monopsony power in the labor market, and it shows an increasing trend year by year;Technology-intensive enterprises have the weakest monopsony power, while labor capital-intensive enterprises have the strongest monopsony power. The minimum wage system significantly weakens firms' monopsony power, which is supported by various robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the minimum wage system has a greater inhibitory effect on the monopsony power of labor-intensive enterprises, low-skill enterprises, small enterprises, foreign enterprises, and state-owned enterprises. The mechanism analysis shows that the minimum wage system weakens the monopsony power of enterprises mainly through the effects of wage increase and labor demand contraction. This study contributes to a reasonable assessment of the structure of China's labor market, enriches and expands the research perspectives on the minimum wage system, and provides theoretical insights for further improving the minimum wage system.

关 键 词：最低工资制度 买方势力 边际收益产品 

分 类 号：F246[经济管理—劳动经济]