三种不同芽孢杆菌对凡纳对虾生长、非特异性免疫及抗病力影响的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Effects of Three Bacillus Species on the Growth Performance,Non-Specific Immunity and Disease Resistance of Penaeus vannamei

作　　者：田相利[1] 李明静 郭泽阳 罗凯[1] 李长林[1] 马振华 Tian Xiangli;Li Mingjing;Guo Zeyang;Luo Kai;Li Changlin;Ma Zhenhua(Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Tropical Fisheries Research Institute of Sanya,Sanya 572018,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]三亚热带水产研究院,海南三亚572018

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期23-33,共11页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFD2401705,2020YFD0900200)资助。

摘　　要：为评估饲料中添加3种不同芽孢杆菌属益生菌对凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)生长性能、非特异性免疫及抗病力的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加1×10^(9) CFU·kg^(-1)浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BSXE-1601(BD组)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B.velezensis)26.3(BV组)和蜡样芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)BCXE-01(CD组)投喂对虾,以基础饲料投喂组为对照组,进行了为期6周的养殖实验。养殖实验结束后,进行14 d的副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒实验。研究表明,BD组和BV组对虾末体质量、特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中BV组最高。3个处理组对虾血清中过氧化物酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),BV组对虾血清中酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于BD组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,BD和BV组对虾肝胰腺中proPO、LZM、SOD、HSP70、Imd、Toll、TOR、4E-BP和eIF4E1α基因相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。CD组对虾肝胰腺proPO、LGBP、Imd、Toll、4E-BP和eIF4E2基因相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。BV组对虾肝胰腺SOD、LGBP、Toll和4E-BP基因相对表达量显著高于CD和BD组(P<0.05)。副溶血弧菌攻毒实验结果表明,与对照组相比,3个处理组凡纳对虾累计死亡率均显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究表明,添加枯草芽孢杆菌BSXE-1601和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌26.3均可显著提高凡纳对虾的生长性能,二者对机体免疫反应的诱导作用优于蜡样芽孢杆菌BCXE-01,3种芽孢杆菌均可显著提高凡纳对虾对副溶血弧菌的抵抗力。An experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding three Bacillus species to feed on the growth performance,non-specific immunity and disease resistance of Penaeus vannamei.Shrimp was fed with the basal diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis BSXE-1601(BD group),B.cereus BCXE-01(CD group)and B.velezensis 26.3(BV group)at a density of 1×10^(9) CFU·kg^(-1) in the basal diet.The basal diet without bacterial additives was used as the control group.The experiment lasted for 6 weeks.After the feeding trial,a 14 d Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge experiment was conducted.Results showed that the final weight,specific growth rate and feed efficiency of shrimp in BD and BV were significantly improved as compared to the control(P<0.05),especially in BV.The activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),acid phosphatase(ACP)and phenol oxidase(PO)in the serum of shrimp of three treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The activities of ACP,AKP and SOD in the serum of BV were significantly higher than those of BD(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the relative expression level of proPO,LZM,SOD,HSP70,Imd,Toll,Relish,TOR,4E-BP,eIF4E1αand eIF4E2 in the hepatopancreas of shrimp of BD was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).The relative expression level of proPO、LGBP、Imd、Toll、4E-BP and eIF4E2 in the hepatopancreas of shrimp of CD group was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).The relative expression level of proPO,LZM,SOD,LGBP,HSP70,Imd,Toll,TOR,4E-BP and eIF4E1αin BV was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).The relative expression level of SOD,LGBP,Toll and 4E-BP in BV was significantly higher than that of CD and BD(P<0.05).The challenge test of V.parahaemolyticus revealed that the cumulative mortality of shrimp in three treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control(P<0.05).In conclusion,the effects of adding B.subtilis BSXE-1601 and B.velezensis 26.3 in the feed markedly enhanced the growt

关 键 词：生长 非特异性免疫 抗病力 副溶血弧菌 芽孢杆菌 凡纳对虾 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]