饲料中碳水化合物类型对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能以及糖脂代谢的影响  

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Types on Growth Performance and Glycolipid Metabolism of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)

作　　者：王纪如 王旋[1] 刘成栋 周慧慧[1] 麦康森[1] 何艮[1] Wang Jiru;Wang Xuan;Liu Chengdong;Zhou Huihui;Mai Kangsen;He Gen(Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期133-144,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2023YFD2400601);国家海水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-47-G10)资助。

摘　　要：为研究饲料中碳水化合物类型对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)生长性能以及糖脂代谢的影响,实验设计了4种含有不同类型碳水化合物(葡萄糖、蔗糖、β-葡聚糖、淀粉)的等氮等能饲料,选取体质量为(7.03±0.15)g的大菱鲆幼鱼,进行为期8周的养殖,测定了大菱鲆的生长性能、表观消化率、全鱼常规组成、形体、肝脏切片组织形态、血清生化、糖原含量、糖代谢、脂代谢、能量代谢等指标。研究表明:淀粉组的特定生长率、增重率、蛋白质效率均显著高于蔗糖组和葡萄糖组(P<0.05),葡萄糖组的饲料系数最高且显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。与葡萄糖组和蔗糖组相比,淀粉组和β-葡聚糖组的干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率有显著提高(P<0.05)。葡萄糖组肝脏切片脂滴面积占比较其他3组显著增加(P<0.05)。相较于其他组,葡萄糖组的血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖、总胆固醇及肝糖原含量显著增加(P<0.05),而蔗糖组肌糖原含量显著降低(P<0.05)。蔗糖组的葡萄糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、磷酸果糖激酶基因相对表达量较其他3组显著上调(P<0.05),而葡萄糖组的1,6-二磷酸果糖酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酶基因相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的脂肪酸合酶、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1、脂酰辅酶A氧化酶基因相对表达量显著低于β-葡聚糖组和淀粉组(P<0.05)。β-葡聚糖组和淀粉组的柠檬酸合酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶1、二氢硫辛酰胺琥珀酰转移酶基因相对表达量显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,与葡萄糖、蔗糖等结构简单的碳水化合物相比,大菱鲆幼鱼对淀粉、β-葡聚糖等结构复杂的碳水化合物的利用能力更强。在本实验条件下,淀粉是饲料中最适合大菱鲆幼鱼生长的碳水化合物来源。In order to study the effects of dietary carbohydrate types on the growth,digestion and energy metabolism of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.),four kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing different carbohydrates(glucose,sucrose,β-glucan,starch)were designed.Juvenile turbot weighing(7.03±0.15)g were selected for an 8-week culture experiment with the growth performance,apparent digestibility,general composition,body shape,liver tissue morphology,serum biochemistry,glycogen content,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and energy metabolism of turbot measured.The results showed that the specific growth rate,weight gain rate and protein efficiency of starch group were significantly higher than those of sucrose group and glucose group(P<0.05),and the feed coefficient of glucose group was the highest and significant in comparison with other three groups(P<0.05).Compared with glucose group and sucrose group,the apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein in starch group and dextran group were significantly improved(P<0.05).Compared with other three groups,the area of lipid droplets in liver slices in glucose group was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with other groups,the contents of serum triglyceride,glucose,total cholesterol and liver glycogen in glucose group were much higher(P<0.05)while that of muscle glycogen in sucrose group was much lower(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of glucokinase,pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase genes in the sucrose group were significantly higher than those in other three groups(P<0.05)while those of 1,6-diphosphate fructase and 6-phosphoglucose kinase genes in glucose group were significantly lower(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of fatty acid synthase,sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and acyl coA oxidase genes in glucose group and sucrose group were significantly lower than those in dextran group and starch group(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and dihydrolipoamide succinyl

关 键 词：大菱鲆 碳水化合物 生长 血清生化 糖脂代谢 淀粉 

分 类 号：S963.71[农业科学—水产养殖]