白血病儿童比氏肠微孢子菌播散性感染1例并文献复习  

Disseminated infection caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi in a child with leukemia:a case report and literature review

作　　者：秦惠宏 潘芬 于方圆 王欢 王春 张泓[1] 翁文浩 QIN Huihong;PAN Fen;YU Fangyuan;WANG Huan;WANG Chun;ZHANG Hong;WENG Wenhao(Department of Laboratory Medicine,Shanghai Children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200040,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医院,上海市儿童医院检验科,上海200040

出　　处：《中国感染与化疗杂志》2025年第1期15-19,共5页Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

摘　　要：目的 探讨白血病儿童比氏肠微孢子菌播散性感染的诊断和治疗,提高临床和实验室对该病原体的认知。方法回顾性分析上海市儿童医院1例白血病儿童患者播散性感染比氏肠微孢子菌的诊疗经过。分别以“比氏肠微孢子菌”或“比氏肠微孢子虫”或“毕氏肠微孢子虫”为关键词检索万方、维普和中国知网数据库,以“Enterocytozoon bieneusi case report”为关键词检索PubMed,检索时间为建库至2024年6月30日,选择比氏肠微孢子菌引起人类感染资料完整的病例进行回顾性文献复习。结果 该院患儿以急性淋巴细胞白血病为基础疾病,并发热、腹部不适住院抗感染治疗。血液宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)检出肺炎克雷伯菌和比氏肠微孢子菌,腹水mNGS检测出比氏肠微孢子菌,结合感染指标考虑细菌感染合并比氏肠微孢子菌感染。调整治疗经替加环素、复方磺胺甲唑静脉滴注足量治疗后,症状缓解。半年后患者急性淋巴细胞白血病骨髓抑制、比氏肠微孢子菌播散性感染、脓毒性休克、多器官衰竭,家属放弃治疗后死亡。文献复习发现,大部分感染比氏肠微孢子菌的患者均有移植、艾滋病、白血病等基础疾病,免疫力低下,腹泻起病就诊,伴有腹部不适、发热等症状,实验室用改良三色染色法、钙白荧光染色法、分子检测技术、免疫荧光法等检测比氏肠微孢子菌,使用阿苯达唑、硝唑沙奈、烟曲霉素、复方磺胺甲唑等药物进行治疗。结论 比氏肠微孢子菌是感染免疫功能低下患者的机会性致病真菌,可引起腹部不适、腹泻、发热等,严重会引起患者播散性感染甚至死亡。实验室常规无法培养比氏肠微孢子菌,依靠分子检测技术mNGS可尽早明确病原体。Objective To examine the diagnosis and treatment of disseminated infection caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi in a child with leukemia and improve the awareness of the pathogen in clinical and laboratory practice.Methods A case of disseminated infection caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi in a child with leukemia in Shanghai Children's Hospital was retrospectively analyzed,including diagnosis and treatment details.Similar cases were identified from PubMed,Wanfang Data,VIP,and CNKI databases since database establishment until June 30,2024,using search terms“Enterocytozoon bieneusi”,The relevant literature was reviewed.Results This child had acute lymphoblastic leukemia as the underlying disease and was admitted to hospital for antimicrobial treatment due to fever and abdominal discomfort.The case was considered bacterial infection complicated with Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection,confirmed by detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in blood and detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in blood and ascites by metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS).The treatment was switched to tigecycline plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at a suficient dose,which resulted in resolution of symptoms.Six months later,the patient suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and bone marrow depression,Enterocytozoon bieneusi disseminated infection,septic shock.Her family gave up treatment and the child died.Literature review indicated that most patients infected with Enterocytozoon bieneusi had underlying conditions such as organ transplantation,AIDS,and leukemia associated with poor immunity.The onset symptoms are diarrhea,abdominal discomfort,and fever.Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected by using methods such as modified Masson's trichrome stain,fluorescent calcofluor white staining,molecular detection techniques,and immunofluorescence.The patients were treated with drugs such as albendazole,nitazoxanide,fumagillin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Conclusions Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that infects

关 键 词：比氏肠微孢子菌 播散性感染 宏基因组二代测序 

分 类 号：R519[医药卫生—内科学]