兆瓦级航空超导发电机设计及电磁性能分析  

Design of a Megawatt Class Airborne Superconducting Generator and Analysis on Electromagnetic Performance

作　　者：周晓易 郭晓坚 邹圣楠 宋受俊[2] 阎明 Zhou Xiaoyi;Guo Xiaojian;Zou Shengnan;Song Shoujun;Yan Ming(Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing,Haixi Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Quanzhou 362200,China;Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China;AVIC Shaanxi Aero Electric Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海西研究院泉州装备制造研究中心,福建泉州362200 [2]西北工业大学,陕西西安710072 [3]航空工业陕西航空电气有限责任公司,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《航空科学技术》2024年第11期84-94,共11页Aeronautical Science & Technology

基　　金：航空科学基金(20200040053001);福建省中科院STS计划(2021T3034);泉州市科技计划(2021C024R)。

摘　　要：在可预见的未来,飞行器的负载等级将达到兆瓦级,传统的航空电源难以满足需求。第二代高温超导材料具有载流能力强、传输直流无损耗的特点,将其绕制成线圈,替换传统发电机中的励磁绕组或电枢绕组,可以提升发电机的输出功率、功率密度和效率。设计航空超导电机是机载超导电源系统研究的基础,准确计算交流损耗是超导电机设计的重点。本文设计了一台10MW全超导发电机,讨论了包括带材性能研究、线圈结构设计、电机拓扑选择和参数选取的完整设计过程。本文使用多物理场仿真软件搭建了二维发电机模型,研究了发电机的基本电磁性能。基于直接耦合法和T-A方法,计算了定、转子超导线圈的交流损耗并展开分析。结果显示,设计的发电机输出功率达到10MW,功率密度为13.1kW/kg,效率为99.3%,满足预期性能指标。转子线圈的总交流损耗接近定子线圈交流损耗的50%,但每匝的损耗仍远小于定子线圈每匝的损耗。本文对超导线圈设计、超导发电机制冷方式选择以及自身运行可靠性研究有重要意义。In the foreseeable future,aircraft load levels will reach megawatts,and traditional aviation power sources will not be able to meet the demand.The second generation of high temperature superconducting materials have the characteristics of strong current-carrying capacity and no loss in DC transmission.By winding them into coils,the output power,power density and efficiency of the generator can be improved by replacing the excitation windings or armature windings in a traditional generator.The design of an airborne HTS electrical machine is the basis of the research of an airborne HTS power system,and the accurate calculation of AC loss is the key to the design of HTS electrical machine.In this paper,a 10MW superconducting generator was designed,and the complete design process including HTS tape performance study,coil structure design,generator topology selection and parameter selection was discussed.A 2D generator model was built with multi-physical field simulation software,and the basic electromagnetic performance of the generator was studied.Based on direct coupling method and T-A method,the AC losses of stator and rotor HTS coils were calculated and analyzed.The results show that the output power of the designed generator reaches 10MW,the power density is 13.1kW/kg,and the efficiency is 99.3%,which meets the expected performance indicators.The total AC loss of the rotor coils is nearly half of the AC loss of the stator coils,but the loss per turn is still far less than the loss per turn of the stator coil.This research is of significance to the design of superconducting coils,the selection of cooling methods for superconducting generators,and the study of their own operating reliability.

关 键 词：机载电源系统 高温超导体 电机设计 有限元仿真 交流损耗 

分 类 号：TM37[电气工程—电机]