2010—2023年江西省审定晚稻品种及其性状分析  

Analysis of the late rice varieties approved in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2023 and their traits

作　　者：吴仪 谢云霄 王婧伊 吴志昆 侯志洁 蓝海林 刘声琦 蔡琳琳 杨鑫 阙正扬 周大虎 边建民[1] 傅军如[1] 贺浩华[1] WU Yi;XIE Yunxiao;WANG Jingyi;WU Zhikun;HOU Zhijie;LAN Hailin;LIU Shengqi;CAI Linlin;YANG Xin;QUE Zhengyang;ZHOU Dahu;BIAN Jianmin;FU Junru;HE Haohua(College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Research Center of Super Rice Engineering and Technology,Jiangxi Province/Collaboration Center for Double-season Rice Modernization Production)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省超级稻工程技术研究中心/双季稻现代化生产协同中心

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第1期10-20,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省水稻良种联合攻关项目(2022JXNZWZY01)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解和掌握江西省近十几年审定晚稻品种的基本概况,为水稻新品种的选育提供思路和参考。【方法】分析2010—2023年江西省审定通过的344个晚稻品种的育种途径、不育系类型及全生育期、株高、产量、品质、抗性等主要性状。【结果】江西省晚稻品种以杂交稻为主,利用频率较高的不育系有‘五丰A’‘泰丰A’‘野香A’‘吉丰A’‘天丰A’等。随着年份的推移,株高方面,表现出一定程度的增高;在单产水平上,江西地区杂交组合对常规品种具有产量上的优势,而籼粳杂交组合对籼型或粳型品种也具有产量优势。随着年份的推移,单产总体上呈上升趋势,但从近几年变化趋势看,晚稻增产受限;品质方面,近5年优质米3级以上达标率稳步提升,由2019年的51.52%提升至2023年的82.35%。晚稻品质各项指标均有改善,整精米率在63%上下浮动,直链淀粉含量呈波动且下降的趋势,说明晚稻品种整体上口感变软,垩白度指标自2018年起有所改良;稻瘟病抗性水平方面,整体呈现出先减弱后增强的趋势,在2019年抗性水平到达最低峰,而后平均值从“中感”提高到“中抗”水平,但离“高抗”以及持久抗性还有较大差距。【结论】14年间江西省晚稻育种成果丰硕,整体上看,单产水平显著提高,“籼改粳”高产攻关计划取得显著成效,多次刷新了江西省水稻单产最高纪录;米质各项指标有一定改善,食味品质有所提升;抗性仍有较大提升空间。因此,在保证高产的前提下,江西省应围绕“米质更优、抗性更强”目标进行晚稻育种,同时大力提升江西省的骨干亲本创制水平。[Objective]This study aims to understand and master the basic situation of late rice varieties approved in Jiangxi Province in recent ten years,and to provide some ideas and references for the breeding of new rice varieties.[Method]The breeding approaches,sterile line types,main traits such as full growth period,plant height,yield,quality,and resistance of 344 late rice varieties approved in Jiangxi Province from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed.[Result]Hybrid rice is the main variety of late rice in Jiangxi Province,and the commonly used sterile lines include Wufeng A,Taifeng A,Yexiang A,Jifeng A,and Tianfeng A.With the passage of the year,the plant height showed a certain degree of increase;at the level of yield per unit area,the hybrid combinations in Jiangxi area have the advantage of yield over the conventional varieties,and the indica japonica hybrid combinations also had the advantage of yield over the indica or japonica varieties.The overall yield per unit area had shown an upward trend.However,the increase in late rice production is limited in recent years;In terms of quality,the compliance rate of high-quality rice with grade 3 or above had steadily increased in the past 5 years,from 51.52% in 2019 to 82.35% in 2023.All quality indicators of late rice had improved,with the whole rice rate fluctuating around 63% and the amylose content showing a fluctuating and decreasing trend,which indicated that the overall mouthfeel of late rice varieties has become softer.The chalkiness index had been improved since 2018;In terms of resistance level to rice blast disease,there was an overall trend of first weakening and then strengthening.In 2019,the resistance level reached its lowest peak,and then the average value increased from “moderately susceptible” to “moderately resistant”,but there was still a large gap between “high resistance” and persistent resistance.[Conclusion]Over the past 14 years,Jiangxi Province has achieved fruitful results in late rice breeding.Overall,the yield level has significantly im

关 键 词：江西 晚稻 农艺性状分析 品质 抗性 趋势 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学]