种植坡度对甘蔗光合特性、产量及品质的影响  

Influence of planting slope on photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and quality of sugarcane

作　　者：张文龙 陈立民 邵金华 黄凯 黄国勤[1] ZHANG Wenlong;CHEN Limin;SHAO Jinhua;HUANG Kai;HUANG Guoqin(Institute of Ecological Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Institute of Water Conservancy Science of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures,Nanning 530023,China;Irrigation Experiment Station of Qinzhou City,Qinzhou,Guangxi 535000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]广西壮族自治区水利科学研究院广西水工程材料与结构重点实验室,广西南宁530023 [3]广西壮族自治区钦州市灌溉试验站,广西钦州535000

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第1期41-49,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035057、桂科AB23026021)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在研究不同种植坡度对甘蔗的光合特性、产量和品质的影响,以期揭示不同种植坡度下影响甘蔗生长发育的内部因素,为科学合理的利用南方旱坡地提供理论依据。【方法】以甘蔗品种“桂糖44号”为研究对象,设置6个不同坡度处理(0°~25°),研究甘蔗各生长期光合生理特性、以及工艺成熟期产量和品质变化。【结果】甘蔗分蘖期至工艺成熟期的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)在15°~25°种植坡度下,均显著低于CK处理,分别降低8.08%~17.26%、5.05%~9.78%、7.87%~11.21%和14.19%~14.78%、11.63%~21.87%、7.36%~10.20%;不同种植坡度下甘蔗的株高、茎长、茎粗、节间数和叶片数较CK处理均达到显著差异,分别降低7.69%~35.48%、7.51%~27.17%、9.68%~25.81%、7.50%~14.28%、13.55%~18.64%。此外,甘蔗出苗率、产量较CK处理均达到显著差异,分别降低3.20%~15.0%、1.89%~25.74%;分蘖率、分蘖成茎率仅在20°~25°处理下与CK处理达到显著差异,降低4.28%、9.97%~10.12%;单茎重仅在15°~25°处理下较CK处理显著降低10.71%~12.12%;有效茎数则在10°~25°处理下较CK处理显著降低1.80%~15.13%;同时,除甘蔗纤维分外,蔗汁锤度、蔗汁蔗糖分、蔗汁视纯度、甘蔗蔗糖分、蔗汁重力纯度均随着种植坡度的增加而降低,10°~25°处理较CK处理分别降低0.54%~14.23%、0.72%~15.94%、0.79~16.24%、0.25%~2.35%、1.68%~2.07%,差异显著。甘蔗纤维分增加随着种植坡度的增大而增大,较CK处理显著提高10.56%~24.83%。【结论】随着种植坡度的增加,土壤水肥流失加重,抑制甘蔗的生长,降低甘蔗的光合作用、株高和茎粗等相关指标,导致甘蔗产量与品质的下降。种植坡度大于15°时,对甘蔗产量和品质影响较大,建议旱坡地甘蔗种植坡度应小于15°。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the impact of different planting slopes on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and quality of sugarcane.By revealing the internal factors influencing sugarcane growth and development under varying slopes,this study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational utilization of dry slope lands in southern regions.[Method]The sugarcane variety “GT 44” was chosen as the research object.Six different slope treatments(0°-25°)were designed to study the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of sugarcane during various growth stages,as well as changes in yield and quality at the technological maturity stage.[Result]From the tillering stage to the technological maturity stage,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)of sugarcane were significantly lower at planting slopes of 15°-25° compared with those of the CK treatment,which were decreased by 8.08%-17.26%,5.05%-9.78%,7.87%-11.21%,and 14.19%-14.78%,11.63%-21.87%,7.36%-10.20%,respectively.Under different planting slopes,sugarcane plant height,stalk length,stalk diameter,number of internodes,and number of leaves were all significantly different from those of the CK treatment,with reductions of 7.69%-35.48%,7.51%-27.17%,9.68%-25.81%,7.50%-14.28%,and 13.55%-18.64%,respectively.In addition,the seedling emergence rate and yield of sugarcane were significantly different from CK treatment,which decreased by 3.20%-15.0% and 1.89%-25.74%,respectively.The tiller rate and tiller stem rate were significantly different from CK treatment only under 20°-25°treatment,which decreased by 4.28%,9.97%-10.12%.The single stalk weight was significantly lower than that of the CK treatment by 10.71%-12.12% under the 15°-25° treatments.The number of effective stalks was significantly lower than that of the CK treatment by 1.80%-15.13% under the 10°-25° treatments.Except for fiber content,The brix of sugarcane juice,sucrose content of sugarcane juice,apparent purity of sugarcane juice,sucrose content o

关 键 词：植株坡度 甘蔗 光合特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]