野生羊肚菌耐温型菌株的筛选与品比  

Screening and variety comparison of thermotolerant strains of wild Morchella sp.

作　　者：廖武俊 钟啟萍 崔朝宇 颜俊清 霍光华[1] LIAO Wujun;ZHONG Qiping;CUI Chaoyu;YAN Junqing;HUO Guanghua(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Germplasm Exploration and Utilization of Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农业微生物种质发掘与利用江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第1期50-60,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBF63036)。

摘　　要：【目的】羊肚菌属中低温型真菌,对环境条件如温度高度敏感,容易快速老化和遗传不稳定。每年羊肚菌栽培自11月至次年收获的2—3月,江西省早春地表时常出现短期20℃以上高温,导致大量子囊果幼菇畸形、枯萎,减产甚至绝收。筛选到子囊果生长阶段能承受地表温度20℃以上的耐温型羊肚菌菌株,可以避免短期高温带来的危害,从而使羊肚菌栽培可重复地稳产高产。【方法】选取长势良好的6株野生羊肚菌并以江西本土3株商业栽培羊肚菌作对照,采用双交配型基因扩增,ISSR的6个单引物扩增、条带数据矩阵和非加权算术平均聚类分析,区块栽培并观察菌丝(霜)生长、分生孢子产生、子囊果发育生长和采摘计产,同时温度计在线测量大气和土壤表面温度,分别对其菌株的可育性、亲缘关系、生长特性以及中亚热带气候区耐温适应性进行研究,筛选出具有耐温潜力的菌株并进行二次出菇验证。【结果】受试9株菌2个交配型基因齐全,均具有可育性;隶属2大系统分支,即梯棱羊肚菌分支,包括Y1、Y2、Y3、Y5、Y6和225等6株和六妹羊肚菌分支,包括SC22、YN42、226等3株。培养10 d后,除Y6、YN42和226外,其余菌株均产生菌核;9株菌菌丝生长速率最快是在24℃,梯棱羊肚菌吃料速度慢于六妹羊肚菌;除Y3未出菇外,其他菌株均可正常出菇,出菇密度由大到小依次为Y5、225、Y1、SC22、YN42、226、Y6和Y2,出菇总产量由大到小依次为Y5、225、Y1、YN42、SC22、226、Y2和Y6;短期高温后,六妹羊肚菌SC22、YN42和226可见大量的幼菇菌盖发黑,菌柄发黄,栽培梯棱羊肚菌225也有幼菇顶尖发黑且有大量原基死亡,而野生梯棱羊肚菌Y1、Y2、Y5和Y6均未见原基和幼菇死亡,抗高温能力较强。野生梯棱羊肚菌Y5出菇密度67.50个/m2,产量471.51 g/m2,二次出菇产量高达657.6 g/m2,幼菇能耐受大气28℃和地表22℃的短期高温胁迫。【结论[Objective]Morchella sp.is a medium-low temperature fungus,which is highly sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature,and is prone to rapid aging and genetic instability.From November to February and March of the next year's harvest,the short-term high temperature of above 20 ℃often occurs on the surface of Jiangxi Province in early spring,resulting in a large number of ascocarp young mushrooms deformity,wilting,yield reduction or even no harvest.The heat-resistant Morchella strains that can withstand the surface temperature of above 20 ℃ in the growth stage of ascomycetes were screened,which can avoid the harm caused by short-term high temperature,so that the cultivation of Morchella can be repeated and stable high yield.[Method]Six wild Morchella strains with good growth were selected and compared with three commercially cultivated Morchella strains in Jiangxi Province.By using two-mating gene amplification,six single primers amplification of ISSR,band data matrix and unweighted arithmetic average cluster analysis,the growth of hyphae(frost),conidia generation,ascomycete growth and picking yield were observed in block cultivation.At the same time,At the same time,the temperature of the atmosphere and soil surface was measured on-line by thermometer.The fertility,genetic relationship,growth characteristics and temperature tolerance of the strain were studied,and the strain with temperature tolerance potential was screened and verified by secondary fruiting.The strains with the potential of temperature resistance were screened out and tested for secondary fruiting.[Result]The two mating type genes of the 9 tested strains were all fertile.It belongs to two major branches of the system,namely,the Morchella importuna branch,including 6 strains of Y1,Y2,Y3,Y5,Y6 and 225,and the Morchella sextelata branch,including 3 strains of SC22,YN42 and 226.After 10days of culture,all the strains,except Y6,YN42 and 226,can produce sclerotia.The mycelium growth rate of 9strains was the fastest at 24 ℃,and the

关 键 词：羊肚菌 耐温型菌株 梯棱羊肚菌Y5 出菇产量 中亚热带气候区 

分 类 号：S332.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种]