横纵刃滑切式玉米秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of transverse and longitudinal blade sliding-cutting returning machine for corn straw

作　　者：朱惠斌[1] 雷丰朗 白丽珍[1] 张旭 李镕东 刘礼源 ZHU Huibin;LEI Fenglang;BAI Lizhen;ZHANG Xu;LI Rongdong;LIU Liyuan(Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第1期223-239,共17页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52265033,51865022);云南省自然科学基金项目(202401AS070115)。

摘　　要：【目的】秸秆粉碎还田可以改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤有机质和微生物含量,培肥地力,增加粮食产量,在农业生产中广泛应用。针对西南地区玉米秸秆整杆留田量大、留田形式多样和机具易缠绕堵塞等问题,该研究提出一种动、定刀刃横纵交错形成双支撑切割形式的玉米秸秆粉碎还田方式,并设计了横纵刃滑切式玉米秸秆粉碎还田机。【方法】对粉碎装置动、定刀横纵刀刃秸秆切割效果进行分析,设计横、纵刀刃曲线;并对粉碎装置进行力学分析揭示其切割粉碎机理,同时分析秸秆切割粉碎的影响因素,进而得到粉碎动、定刀的关键参数范围。采用离散元法建立数值仿真模型,通过单因素仿真试验验证粉碎动、定刀纵刀刃类型选择,确定横刀刃回转角;通过二次回归正交旋转组合试验,得到粉碎装置的最优参数组合,完成样机试制并进行田间试验。【结果】(1)运用Design Expert 12软件求解和进行交互作用对试验指标的响应曲面分析,得到粉碎装置的最优参数组合为:定刀纵刀刃起始滑切角为27°,定刀纵刀刃滑切角变化量为5°,动刀纵刀刃起始滑切角为30°,动刀纵刀刃滑切角变化量为5.5°;(2)田间试验结果表明在横向和纵向2种不同秸秆铺放条件下,秸秆粉碎长度合格率分别为93.7%和94.3%,秸秆漏切率分别为2.0%和3.1%,秸秆切割粉碎效果较好,满足西南地区作业要求。【结论】在最优参数组合条件下,秸秆粉碎长度合格率和漏切率达到设计标准,该研究可为玉米秸秆整杆留田量大、留田形式多样和机具易缠绕堵塞等情况下玉米秸秆还田机的设计与改进提供参考。[Objective]The incorporation of shredded straw into the soil serves to enhance soil physicochemical properties,improve soil organic matter and microbial content,fertility,and ultimately increase food production,thereby becoming a prevalent practice in agricultural production.To address the challenges posed by large quantities of whole corn stalks retained in fields,diverse retention patterns,and the risk for entangling and blocking the machine in southwestern China,this study introduces a dual-support cutting methodology for corn straw shredding and incorporation,characterized by the crisscrossing arrangement of moving and fixed blades,and presents the design of a sliding-cutting corn straw shredder equipped with horizontal and vertical blades.[Method]An analysis was conducted on the cutting efficacy of horizontal and vertical blades on straw,guiding the design of blade contours.Mechanical analysis of the shredding device was undertaken to elucidate its underlying cutting and shredding mechanisms,and an examination of factors influencing straw cutting and shredding facilitated the determination of critical parameter ranges for the moving and fixed blades.A numerical simulation model was established utilizing the Discrete Element Method,and single-factor simulation tests were performed to validate the selection of vertical blade types for the moving and fixed blades,while also determining the optimal rotation angle of the horizontal blade.Furthermore,a simulation experiment employing a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination was implemented to identify the optimal parameter combination for the shredding device,culminating in the prototype development and subsequent field trials.[Result]Using Design Expert 12 software to solve and analyze the response surface of the interaction on the test index,the optimal parameter combination of the crushing device is obtained as follows:an initial sliding cutting angle of 27° with a variation of 5° for the fixed vertical blade,and 30° with a variation of 5.5° f

关 键 词：保护性耕作 秸秆粉碎 横纵动定刀 动态双支撑 离散元法 试验设计 

分 类 号：S224[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S233.5[农业科学—农业工程]