蔬菜育苗自动叠盘装置优化与控制系统设计  

Optimization and control system design of automatic tray stacking device for vegetable seedlings

作　　者：匡敏球 李旭[1,2] 伍硕祥 刘青 黄烁荣 龚明 刘大为 谢方平[2,3] KUANG Minqiu;LI Xu;WU Shuoxiang;LIU Qing;HUANG Shuorong;GONG Ming;LIU Dawei;XIE Fangping(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment of Hunan Province,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Southern Intelligent Seedling Breeding(Seedling),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Intelligent Seedling Equipment,Yiyang,Hunan 413055,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]智能农机装备湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业农村部南方智能育秧(苗)重点实验室/湖南省智能育秧育苗装备工程技术研究中心,湖南益阳413055

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2025年第1期240-254,共15页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600300-4/06、2020YFD1000300)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对现有自动叠盘装置振动冲击大、叠盘整齐度不稳定的问题,优化现有蔬菜叠盘装置的关键部件结构,包括增加育苗盘调平机构、减振机构和宽度可调的流利条及挡板,提升蔬菜育苗流水线不同尺寸育苗盘的叠盘性能,并设计基于MCGS和PLC的自动叠盘装置控制系统和人机交互界面。【方法】该系统以200SmartPLC为核心控制器,结合光电传感器检测育苗盘位置信息,驱动电缸实现育苗盘的自动叠盘。分别以主传送带速度为0.1,0.18,0.26 m/s,主副传送带速度差分别为0.04,0.16,0.28 m/s,和用于茄果类蔬菜育苗的135孔穴、160孔穴和200孔穴泡沫育苗盘为试验因素和水平,以叠盘成功率和整齐度为试验指标开展叠盘正交试验。【结果】育苗流水线播种环节在450盘/h的生产率下,自动叠盘装置在主传送带速度为0.1m/s、主副传送带速度差为0.04m/s,以及200孔穴尺寸育苗盘时,叠盘效果最佳,叠盘成功率为100%,叠盘整齐度为2.08mm2。为验证叠盘装置的适应性,对瓜类和绿叶类蔬菜育苗常用的50孔穴和128孔穴泡沫育苗盘进行试验,叠盘成功率均为100%,叠盘整齐度的偏差值分别为0.78mm2和0.74mm2。【结论】优化后的蔬菜育苗自动叠盘装置叠盘作业效果好,控制系统稳定,可满足蔬菜育苗流水线自动叠盘控制要求,有效提升了育苗质量和效率。[Objective]In order to solve the problems of large vibration impact of the existing automatic tray stacking device and unstable tray stacking neatness,the key components of the existing vegetable tray stacking device are optimized,including the addition of a seedling tray leveling mechanism,a vibration damping mechanism,and a width-adjustable flow strip and baffle plate,which improves the performance of stacking trays of different sizes in the vegetable seedling production line.The control system and human-machine interface of the automatic tray stacking device based on MCGS and PLC are also designed.[Method]The system used 200 Smart PLC as the core controller,combined with photoelectric sensors to detect the position information of the seedling tray,and drives the electric cylinder to realize the automatic stacking of the seedling tray.Taking the main conveyor belt speed of 0.1 m/s,0.18 m/s and 0.26 m/s,the speed difference between the main conveyor belt and the auxiliary conveyor belt of 0.04 m/s,0.16 m/s and 0.28 m/s,respectively,and the 135 hole,160 hole and 200 hole foam seedling trays for solanaceous vegetable seedlings as the experimental factors and levels,the orthogonal test of stacking trays was carried out with the success rate and uniformity of stacking trays as the experimental indexes.and the success rate and neatness of the stacked trays were taken as the indexes of the test to conduct orthogonal test of stacking plate.[Result]The test results show that under the productivity of 450 discs/h,the automatic stacking device has the best stacking effect when the main conveyor belt speed is 0.1 m/s,the speed difference between the main and auxiliary conveyor belts is 0.04 m/s and the seedling tray with 200 hole size.The success rate of stacking is 100%,and the uniformity of stacking is 2.08 mm2.To verify the adaptability of the stacking device,the 50-hole and 128-hole foam seedling trays commonly used for melon and leafy green vegetable seedlings were tested,and the success rate of stacking trays was 100

关 键 词：育苗 叠盘装置 泡沫育苗盘 整齐度 PLC 

分 类 号：S223.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]