徐州市2020—2023年蜱虫监测结果分析  

An analysis of tick surveillance results in Xuzhou City from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：黄立业[1] 刘雪 HUANG Liye;LIU Xue(Department of Disinfection and Vector Control,Xuzhou Center for Disease Controland Prevention,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221006,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州市疾病预防控制中心消毒与媒介生物防制科,江苏徐州221006

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2025年第1期54-56,60,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的 掌握徐州市蜱种群分布情况,为蜱虫及其所致传染病的精准防制提供参考。方法 游离蜱监测采用人工布旗法,寄生蜱监测采用体表检蜱法。结果 徐州市2020—2023年共采集游离蜱和寄生蜱1 250只,隶属于1科2属3种,其中长角血蜱1 151只,占92.08%,为优势蜱种,血红扇头蜱96只,占7.68%,雉鸡血蜱3只,占0.24%。游离蜱平均密度为1.15只/100 m, 2020年密度最高,林地生境密度最高;寄生蜱平均密度为6.84只/宿主,2023年染蜱率最高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.484,P<0.05),不同宿主动物染蜱率山羊高于犬类,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.314,P>0.05);游离蜱和寄生蜱在4月密度均为最高。结论 徐州市农村外环境、景区生境和宿主动物体表均有蜱虫孳生,长角血蜱是徐州市的优势种群,林地生境和山羊宿主是重点防控对象,春季蜱虫密度最高,提示春季灭蜱效果最好。Objective To understand the distribution of tick species in Xuzhou City,so as to provide reference data for precise control of ticks and tick borne diseases.Methods Drag-flag method was used for free-living ticks,and body surface inspection method was used for parasitic ticks.Results A total of 1250 ticks were collected from 2020 to 2023,belonging to 2 genera and 3 species.Among them,Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for 92.08%(1151 ticks),which was the dominant tick species.Rhipicephalus sanguineus accounted for 7.68%(96 ticks),and Haemaphysalis phasiana accounted for 0.24%(3 ticks).The average density of free-living ticks was 1.15 ticks/100 m,and the highest density was in 2020,and in forest habitats.The average density of parasitic ticks was 6.84 ticks/host,and the highest infection rate was in 2023,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=15.484,P<0.05).The infection rate of sheep was higher than that of dog,but there was no statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=2.314,P>0.05).The highest density of free-living ticks and parasitic ticks were in April.Conclusion Ticks are found to breed in rural outdoor environments,scenic areas,and the bodies of host animals in Xuzhou City.Haemaphysalis longicornis is the dominant tick species in Xuzhou City,and forest habitats and sheep hosts are the key targets for control.The highest tick density is in spring,suggesting that spring is the best time for tick control.

关 键 词：蜱虫 监测 种群分布 长角血蜱 

分 类 号：R384.4[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]