大型低温火箭交会对接任务发射窗口拓展技术研究  

Launch Window Enlarge Technique for Large Cryogenic Rocket in Rendezvous Mission

作　　者：李茂 周亚强 李东[3] 娄路亮 LI Mao;ZHOU Yaqiang;LI Dong;LOU Luliang(Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China;China Manned Space Agency,Beijing 100034,China;China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076 [2]中国载人航天工程办公室,北京100034 [3]中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京100076

出　　处：《载人航天》2025年第1期75-80,共6页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：发射近地轨道空间站舱段并完成在轨组装需要火箭具备零窗口发射能力,而大型低温火箭发射子样少、射前流程复杂、箭地协同关系多,实现该目标难度非常大。针对大型低温火箭执行空间站交会对接任务,采用发射窗口拓展的方法,包括射前关键动作前移、系统间逻辑关系解耦以及充分利用火箭富余运载能力进行起飞偏差修正等方法。一方面确保了火箭能够在窗口前沿具备点火条件;另一方面,拓展了火箭的发射窗口,实现了大型低温运载火箭零窗口发射目标,确保CZ-5B火箭圆满完成了空间站工程的多个发射任务。实践证明:发射窗口拓展技术能够在保证火箭入轨精度的前提下,提高交会对接任务的适应性。Launching a low-earth orbit space station segment and completing the on-orbit assembly requires the rocket to have the zero window launch capability,while for the large cryogenic liquet rockets,it is very difficult to achieve this goal due to the few launch samples,complex pre-launch processes and the rocket-ground coordination relationships.Therefore,aiming at the rendezvous and docking missions,the methods to expand the launch window are proposed,including the pre-launch key action forward,the logical relationship between different systems decoupling and making full use of the excess lift capacity of the rocket to correct the take-off deviation.Using the above-mentioned methods,it could be guaranteed that the rocket have ignition conditions at the front of the windows,thus expand the launch window of the rocket,and realize zero window launch of the large cryogenic launch vehicle.The CZ-5B rocket has successfully completed multiple launch tasks of the space sta-tion project with the proposed mothod.Practice has proved that the launch window extension tech-nology can improve the adaptability of rendezvous and docking missions.

关 键 词：低温火箭 交会对接 流程优化 发射窗口 

分 类 号：V412[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]