2024年国外载人航天发展初步分析  

Review of Development of Manned Spaceflight Abroad in 2024

作　　者：廖小刚 李建辉[2] LIAO Xiaogang;LI Jianhui(Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100142,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院,北京100142 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2025年第1期133-142,共10页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：2024年,国外载人航天发展平缓。美国阿尔忒弥斯月球探索计划遭遇挫折,载人登月时间再次延迟;火神火箭、星际客船等系统出现故障,影响低地球轨道载人任务的执行。俄罗斯载人登月时间再次推迟,重型运载火箭研制暂停,新空间站建设同样面临较大不确定性。商业载人航天成为年度发展亮点,超重-星舰完成4次发射试验,取得多项技术突破;先后开展2次商业载人航天任务,为众多国家开展载人航天活动以及进行技术验证开辟了新渠道。国际空间站面临的安全风险日益增多,但推动深空载人探索技术与地球科学技术发展等作用并未减弱。In 2024,the development of manned spaceflight abroad slowed down.The U.S.Artemis lunar exploration program encountered setbacks,further delaying the timeline for manned landings on the moon.The Vulcan rocket and the Starliner spacecraft experienced malfunctions which impact-ed the execution of Low-Earth orbit manned missions.In Russia,the manned lunar landing was postponed once again,the development of heavy rocket was suspended,and the construction of a new space station also faced significant uncertainties.Commercial human spaceflight has become a highlight of the year,with the completion of four launch tests of the SuperHeavy-Starship and a num-ber of technological breakthroughs,and the launch of two commercial human spaceflight missions,which have provided a new choice for a large number of countries to carry out human spaceflight ac-tivities and technology validation.Although the International Space Station is facing significant safety risks,its role in promoting deep space human exploration technology and the development of Earth science and technology is still important.

关 键 词：载人航天 战略 政策 火箭 飞船 航天员 国际空间站 月球 深空 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]