铁路客车真空集便装置故障原因分析及预防措施  

Cause Analysis and Preventive Measure for the Fault of Vacuum Toliet System on Railway Passenger Car

作　　者：张琦 ZHANG Qi

机构地区：[1]中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司南宁车辆段,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《铁道技术监督》2024年第12期53-57,61,共6页Railway Quality Control

摘　　要：为降低铁路客车真空集便装置运用故障率,保障检修质量,调查研究真空集便装置故障。从夹管阀橡胶通道老化、碟阀动作不良、真空发生装置堵塞、气路和水路软管泄漏、水增压器橡胶隔膜老化、液位开关失效等方面分析故障原因,提出更换夹管阀橡胶套管、精细检修碟阀、清洁真空发生器、更换气路和水路软管、换件修理水增压器、开展液位开关显示试验、加强警示宣传等预防措施,降低真空集便装置故障率。In order to reduce the failure rate of the vacuum toliet system of the railway passenger car and ensure maintenance quality,the causes of the vacuum shit collection device failure were investigated and studied.The paper analyzes the causes of faults from the aspects of aging of the rubber channel of the pinch valve,poor operation of the disc valve,blockage of the vacuum generating device,leakage of air and water hoses,aging of the rubber diaphragm of the water booster,and failure of the liquid level switch.The preventive measures are proposed such as replacing the rubber sleeve of the pinch valve,finely inspecting the disc valve,cleaning the vacuum generator,replacing the air and water hoses,replacing the water booster,conducting liquid level switch display tests,and strengthening warning pub-licity to reduce the failure rate of the vacuum toliet system.

关 键 词：客车 真空集便装置 故障分析 预防措施 

分 类 号：U270.385[机械工程—车辆工程] U279.332[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]