一种红外晶体材料复杂折转棱镜数控加工技术  

CNC Machining Technology for Complex Folding Prisms of Infrared Crystal Materials

作　　者：马峰亮 谢启明 杨彦辉[1] 李建恒 张步华 段有辉 周旭环 郭春荣 MA Fengliang;XIE Qiming;YANG Yanhui;LI Jianheng;ZHANG Buhua;DUAN Youhui;ZHOU Xuhuan;GUO Chunrong(Yunnan KIRO Photonics Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650217,China;Kunming Institute of Physics,Kunming 650223,China)

机构地区：[1]云南北方光学科技有限公司,云南昆明650217 [2]昆明物理研究所,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《新技术新工艺》2025年第1期6-12,共7页New Technology & New Process

摘　　要：Ge、Si等红外晶体材料的复杂折转棱镜常用于红外导引头,是滚仰式红外导引头光学系统的一个核心光学元件。因其形状特异复杂,给加工、检测及批量生产带来了挑战。传统古典法加工采用手工研磨、抛光和改角,面形、表面质量和角度都依赖人工技能控制,效率低,质量一致性差。因此,提出了一种复杂折转棱镜数控精密加工技术,从棱镜结构分析入手,采取加工中心成形,单点金刚石飞切的工艺路线,通过减少装夹次数及确立工序衔接基准面保证成形毛坯加工精度,通过专用工装将棱镜固定于精密转台,对5个工作面一次装夹飞切完成以保证棱镜的角度精度,最终突破复杂折转棱镜数控加工技术,实现面形精度N≤0.8光圈,ΔN≤0.5光圈,角度误差在25″以内,表面质量满足红外导引头光学系统要求,加工效率较传统抛光法提高5倍以上。As a core optical component of rolling infrared seeker optical system,complex folding prism of infrared crystal materials with Ge,Si and so on was commonly used in infrared seeker.Due to its unique and complex shape,it caused great difficulties for processing,testing,and mass production.The traditional classical process used manual grinding,polishing and angle adjustment,it relied on laborers skills to control the shape,surface quality and angle,which resulted in low efficiency and poor quality consistency.So it was proposed that a CNC precision machining technology for complex folding prisms,which started with prism structure analysis and took a machining center to form,and single point diamond flying cutting process route.By reducing the number of clamping times and establishing a process reference plane,the machining accuracy of the formed blank was ensured.The prism was fixed on a precision turntable through a special fixture to complete the flying cutting of 5 surfaces once to ensure the angular accuracy of the prism.Finally,the surface shape accuracy N≤0.8 fringe,ΔN≤0.5 fringe,angle error within 25"were achieved,which broke through complex folding prism CNC machine technology and the surface quality met the requirements of infrared optical systems.Compared with classical polishing methods,the efficiency was improved by more than 5 times.

关 键 词：红外 晶体材料 折转棱镜 单点金刚石飞切 数控加工 基准面 

分 类 号：TJ7[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]