超声冲击下Q420/ZG300焊接接头表层残余应力场数值分析  

Numerical Analysis of Residual Stress Field in the Surface Layer of Q420/ZG300 Welded Joints under Ultrasonic Impact

作　　者：杨波[1] 甘进[2] 刘华兵 张晋晗 贾青青 姜传海[4] 全顺红 YANG Bo;GAN Jin;LIU Huabing;ZHANG Jinhan;JIA Qingqing;JIANG Chuanhai;QUAN Shunhong(School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Energy Power Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Green&Smart River-Sea-Going Ship,Cruise and Yacht Research Center,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200000,China;China Railway Heavy Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院,武汉430063 [2]武汉理工大学船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉430063 [3]武汉理工大学绿色智能江海直达船舶与邮轮游艇研究中心,武汉430063 [4]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200000 [5]中铁重工有限公司,武汉430063

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第3期182-192,共11页Surface Technology

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(20231j0222);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52371335)。

摘　　要：目的模拟超声冲击作用下Q420/ZG300厚板异种钢焊接接头残余应力场数值及分布规律,以评估其表层残余应力场改善情况。方法首先,建立厚板异种钢温度-位移顺序耦合模型,针对厚板焊接模拟难收敛和计算时间长等难题,对焊道进行简化合并和采用瞬间热源模型,模拟得到焊接残余应力场。然后,在此基础上建立焊接-超声冲击耦合模型,分析不同超声冲击工艺对残余应力场的影响。结果焊后在焊缝和热影响区存在较高的残余拉应力,其峰值可达467MPa。经超声冲击处理后,过渡区表层一定深度范围内的残余拉应力转变为压应力,最大压应力出现在表层或次表层,随着深度增加,压应力不断减小,直至出现拉应力。在振幅为15μm和冲击针直径为4mm时,最大残余压应力为333MPa,压应力影响深度可达0.96mm。当振幅和冲击针直径增大时,影响深度也随之增加。当冲击针间距增大时,影响深度先减小后增大,但增大效果不明显。试验测量结果与模拟值具有良好的对应趋势,验证了模拟方法的可靠性。结论超声冲击能在厚板异种钢接头表层引入残余压应力,振幅和冲击针直径增大可提高压应力影响深度,而冲击针间距需适当控制以保证压应力场效果。Thick plate dissimilar steel welded structure used in bridge engineering,in the welding process due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion between dissimilar metals and thick plate multi-channel welding brought about by a number of thermal cycling and the thermal effect of different passes,will lead to high residual tensile stress in the weld and heat-affected zone,seriously threatening the safety of the welded structure.Ultrasonic impact is a surface strengthening technology.When the ultrasound driven impact needle rapidly impacts on the surface of the workpiece,intense plastic deformation will be produced,so residual compressive stress is introduced to promote the service of the structure.In this work,for the Q420/ZG300 thick plate dissimilar steel welded test plate,a combination of experimental and numerical simulation was used to investigate the effect of ultrasonic impact treatment on the improvement of the residual stress field in the surface layer of such structures after welding.Firstly,the temperature-displacement sequential coupling model of thick plate dissimilar steel was established based on the thermoelastic-plastic finite element method,and the welding residual stress field was simulated by simplifying and merging the welding channel and adopting the instantaneous heat source model for the difficulties of convergence and long computation time in the simulation of thick plate welding.Then,the three-dimensional display dynamics ultrasonic impact model was established,and the welding residual stress was input to investigate the effect of different ultrasonic impact processes on the residual stress in the surface layer of the transition zone.The residual stress distribution of the welded test plate and the impacted specimen was tested with a residual stress meter.There is high residual tensile stress in the weld and heat-affected zone after welding,with the peak longitudinal residual stresss of 467 MPa and the peak transverse residual stress of 245 MPa.In the region far from the weld,there

关 键 词：超声冲击 异种钢 厚板焊接接头 残余应力 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]