厦门城区道路尘重金属生态风险与人体健康风险评价  

Ecological risk and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in urban Xiamen

作　　者：姜炳棋 闻哲男 何丽雄 刘怡靖 钟雪芬 吴水平 JIANG Bingqi;WEN Zhenan;HE Lixiong;LIU Yijing;ZHONG Xuefen;WU Shuiping(Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Fuzhou Fujian 350013;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,Fuzhou Fujian 350013;College of Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361102)

机构地区：[1]福建省环境科学研究院,福建福州350013 [2]福建省环境工程重点实验室,福建福州350013 [3]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361102

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2025年第2期4-13,共10页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目(No.2023R1014002)。

摘　　要：采集并分析了厦门城区道路尘中18种重金属元素(V、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Ag、Cd、Ba、Pb、Cr、Co、Mo、Sb、Tl和Ti)浓度和氧化潜势,并对其污染特征、潜在生态风险、人体健康风险等进行了探讨。结果显示,道路尘中以人为源为主的重金属浓度基本超过了土壤环境背景值;重金属元素的主要来源有地球化学背景、机动车排放,其中V、Ni、Fe和Cr浓度与道路尘中值粒径呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。地积累指数显示As为偏重污染,单因子指数显示Cr为重污染,生态风险指数显示Cd风险为很强级别,不同指标评价结果存在一定差异。采用水溶态重金属浓度进行评价,其生态风险指数远低于总浓度评价结果。健康风险评价显示,经口摄入途径的暴露风险贡献占绝对优势,儿童存在非致癌风险,成人和儿童致癌风险超过10-4,风险主要来自As和Cr;如采用水溶态重金属浓度进行评价,则不存在非致癌风险,致癌风险处于10-6量级。道路尘氧化潜势(二硫苏糖醇法)的均值和中位值分别为61.34、67.56 nmol/(min·g),呈现停车场高于繁忙路口的差异特征,仅Cu水溶态浓度和Tl总浓度与氧化潜势呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。Road dust samples were collected from the urban area of Xiamen with intensive traffic.These samples were analyzed for heavy metals(V,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Ag,Cd,Ba,Pb,Cr,Co,Mo,Sb,Tl,and Ti)concentration and oxidative potential to assess the pollution characteristics,potential ecological risk and human health risk associated with these constituents.The results showed that the concentrations of anthropogenic metals in road dust exceeded their background levels in soil.Geochemical background and vehicle exhaust were identified as the dominant sources of heavy metals in road dust.The concentrations of V,Ni,Fe and Cr were positively correlated with the median diameter of road dust particles(p<0.05).The geoaccumulation index suggested that road dust in this area was highly contaminated with As,while the single factor pollution index for Cr was heavy pollution and the ecological risk index for Cd was highly contaminated.The results of the risk assessment differed according to the different risk assessment methods.When the ecological risk assessment was carried out using the water-soluble fractions of heavy metals,the risk index was much lower than the risk index using the total concentrations of heavy metals.Oral intake was identified as the main route of exposure to heavy metals in road dust.For children,there was a non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to road dust heavy metals;for children and adults,the carcinogenic risk was above 10-4.As and Cr were the dominant contributors to the carcinogenic risk.When the risk assessment for road dust was performed using the water-soluble fractions of heavy metals,the non-carcinogenic risk was negligible and the carcinogenic risk was on the level of 10-6.The values of water-soluble oxidative potential(OP),based on the dithiothreitol assay method,in road dust from car parks were higher than those of samples from busy intersections.The mean and median values of OP were 61.34 and 67.56 nmol/(min·g),respectively.Only water-soluble Cu and total Tl were found to be positively correlated

关 键 词：道路尘 粒径分布 重金属 风险评价 氧化潜势 

分 类 号：F83[经济管理—金融学]