缩节胺运筹对小麦后直播棉株型的调控效应  

Effects of DPC application on population plant type in direct seeding cotton after wheat harvest

作　　者：李涵佳 芮秋治 陈媛 陈源[1] 张祥[1] 陈德华[1] LI Hanjia;RUI Qiuzhi;CHEN Yuan;CHEN Yuan;ZHANG Xiang;CHEN Dehua(College of Agronomy/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第2期28-39,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901462)。

摘　　要：为探究小麦后直播皮棉产量1500 kg/hm^(2)以上的合理群体株型及缩节胺运筹方式,2020—2021年于扬州大学实验农场以‘中棉425’为材料,设计缩节胺施用量0(A_(1))、180(A_(2))、360(A3)g/hm^(2)共3个水平,施用时期盛蕾期+初花期(施用比例1∶2,B_(1))、盛蕾期+初花期+盛花期(施用比例1∶2∶3,B_(2))共2个运筹方式,同时设初花期施用缩节胺120 g/hm^(2)(常规施用方式)为对照(CK),测定株高、主茎节间长度、果节间长度、果枝向值、叶倾角和节枝比等株型指标,分析其与皮棉产量的相关性。结果表明:缩节胺运筹对小麦后直播棉的株型、成铃、产量均有显著影响(P<0.05)。与CK相比,A_(2)B_(1)和A_(2)B_(2)的株高、主茎节间长度和果节间长度均显著降低,而果枝向值、叶倾角和节枝比则显著增加(P<0.05)。A_(2)B_(1)的皮棉产量在2020和2021年分别达到1628.04、2085.02 kg/hm^(2),相较于CK分别升高4.9%和14.1%(P<0.05);A_(2)B_(2)的2年皮棉产量分别达到1553.97、1999.97 kg/hm^(2),相较CK分别升高6.4%和11.0%(P<0.05)。综上,于盛蕾期+初花期施用缩节胺180 g/hm^(2)(A_(2)B_(1))或盛蕾期+初花期+盛花期施用缩节胺180 g/hm^(2)(A_(2)B_(2))可构建株高范围在60.63~77.80 cm、主茎节间长度在4.2~6.0 cm、果节间长度在3.9~6.3 cm、果枝向值为36.4~40.8、叶倾角为45.0~46.7°、节枝比为3.1~3.6的棉株高效株型,有利于长江中下游棉区小麦后直播棉实现集中成铃,便于机械采收,并能获得高产。In order to investigate the appropriate population plant type and the DPC manage strategy of cotton directly sown after wheat harvest for lint yield above 1500 kg/hm^(2),‘CCRI 425’was taken as the experimental material in Yangzhou University experimental farm from 2020 to 2021.Three DPC levels,0(A_(1)),180(A_(2))and 360(A3)g/hm^(2)were set,and two DPC application stages were designed,which were at both peak squaring and early flowering stage(the ratio of dosage was 1∶2,B_(1))and at peak squaring,early flowering and peak flowering stage(the ratio of dosage was 1∶2∶3,B_(2)),respectively.DPC level of 120 g/hm^(2)applied at early flowering was used as CK.The plant height,main stem internodes,fruit branch internodes,fruit branch orientation value,leaf angle and nodes to branches ratio were measured,and their correlations with lint yield were analyzed.The results showed that:DPC manage strategy significantly affected the plant type,boll formation and yield of cotton directly sown after wheat harvest(P<0.05).Compared to CK,the plant height,main stem internodes and fruit branch internodes were significantly lower those in A_(2)B_(1) and A_(2)B_(2),whereas fruit branch orientation value,leaf angle and nodes to branches ratio were significantly higher(P<0.05).The lint yield of A_(2)B_(1) was 1628.04 and 2085.02 kg/hm^(2)in 2020 and 2021,respectively,which increased 4.9% and 14.1% compared with CK(P<0.05).The lint yield of A_(2)B_(2) in both years was 1553.97 and 1999.97 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which increased 6.4% and 11.0% compared with CK(P<0.05).In conclusion,with DPC at 180 g/hm^(2)applied at both full squaring and early flowering stage or at full square,early flowering and peak flowering stage for cotton directly sown after wheat harvest,the plant height could be kept at 60.63 to 77.80 cm,the internode length of main stem was at 4.2 to 6.0 cm,the internode length of fruit node was at 3.9 to 6.3 cm,the fruit branch orientation value was at 36.4 to 40.8,the leaf angle was at 45.0 to 46.7,and the ratio of fruiti

关 键 词：小麦后直播棉 产量 集中成铃 株型 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]