应用行距调整机构对日光温室光温环境的影响  

Effects of the application of row spacing adjustment apparatus on the light and temperature environment of solar greenhouses

作　　者：罗鑫兰 杨冬艳[2] 田兴武 宋卫堂[1] 孙云博 郭永婷 朱英 郑亮[1] LUO Xinlan;YANG Dongyan;TIAN Xingwu;SONG Weitang;SUN Yunbo;GUO Yongting;ZHU Ying;ZHENG Liang(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Management Committee of Wuzhong National Agricultural Sci-Tech Garden,Wuzhong 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,银川750002 [3]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管理委员会,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第2期151-162,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2021WZYQ0005);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC099)。

摘　　要：为优化东西垄向双行种植番茄日光温室内光温环境,采用对比试验,在北京市房山区以固定行距种植为对照,探究行距调整机构的应用对东西垄向双行栽培方式番茄冠层光分布以及温室内部温度环境的影响。试验采用东西垄向双行种植,共种植3垄,其中,固定行距垄上行距为40 cm,行距调整后垄上行距为80 cm,2种栽培模式中心垄距均为180 cm。结果表明:1)行距调整机构可通过增大垄上行距,有效提升番茄冠层的光截获量,使试验区平均光照强度高于对照区(P<0.05),其中下午时段三分之二冠层高度试验区显著高于对照区(P<0.05)。2)垄上间距的增大使光分布变异系数降低14.4%~26.0%,显著提升了温室内光分布均匀性(P<0.05)。3)行距调整机构的应用使后墙温度显著提升,2:00—11:00试验区后墙温度较对照区高3℃以上;同时使试验区地面夜间温度较对照区高0.5℃左右。4)行距调整机构的应用可有效提升番茄冠层温度,使试验区第三垄番茄冠层中部与南侧夜间温度较对照区高0.5~0.7℃。综上,应用行距调整机构可有效改善温室内光、温环境,行距调整机构可以在东西向栽培宜机化日光温室中进行推广。In order to optimize the light and temperature environments in the greenhouse of tomato planted in east-west ridges,a comparative experiment was conducted in the Fangshan,Beijing.The fixed row spacing was taken as the control to investigate the effects of the application of the row spacing adjustment apparatus on the light distribution in the canopy and the temperature environment inside the greenhouse of tomato grown in east-west double rows.The spacing between rows on the ridge in fixed spacing mode is 40 cm and the spacing between rows on the ridge after dynamic spacing adjustment is 80 cm.In both modes,the spacing between rows in the center of the ridge in both modes are 180 cm.The results indicated that:1)The row spacing adjustment apparatus effectively enhanced the light interception in tomato canopies by enlarging the space between rows on the ridge,and the test area had a higher average light intensity than the control area.Two-thirds of the height of the canopy in test area was significantly higher than the control area during the afternoon hours(P<0.05).2)The increase of spacing between rows on the ridge reduced the coefficient of variation of light distribution by 14.4%-26.0%,which significantly improved the uniformity of light distribution in the greenhouse(P<0.05).3)Application of row spacing adjustment apparatus led to a significant increase in the temperature of the back wall,and the temperature of the back wall in the tested area was more than 3℃ higher than that in the control area from 2:00 to 11:00.Meanwhile,the temperature of the ground in the test area at night was maintained at a higher level,which was about 0.5℃ higher than that of the control area.4)Application of row spacing adjustment apparatus maintained the temperatures of the middle and south sides of the tomato canopy in the third row at a higher level at night,with the night temperature of the test area of the canopy was 0.5 to 0.7℃ higher than that in the control area.In general,the application of the row spacing adjustment m

关 键 词：行距调整机构 东西垄向 栽培方式 光温环境 番茄 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]