大豆-玉米带状复合种植田封闭除草剂的筛选及田间应用效果评价  

Screening and Evaluation of Pre-Emergent Herbicides Applied in Soybean-Corn Belt Composite Planting Fields

作　　者：刘磊 周东来 颜健红 杨伟清 张亚[1] 刘双清[1] LIU Lei;ZHOU Donglai;YAN Jianhong;YANG Weiqing;ZHANG Ya;LIU Shuangqing(College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Loudi City,Hunan Province,Loudi 417000,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Liuyang City,Hunan Province,Liuyang 410300,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省娄底市农业农村局,湖南娄底417000 [3]湖南省浏阳市农业农村局,湖南浏阳410300

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第4期65-75,共11页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：湖南省农业农村厅大豆玉米带状复合种植“揭榜挂帅”领办示范项目(编号:湘财预〔2023〕157号)。

摘　　要：为探究不同土壤封闭除草剂对大豆-玉米带状复合种植田杂草的防效及对作物的安全性,于2023年和2024年分别开展室内盆栽试验和田间试验对14种土壤封闭除草剂(唑嘧磺草胺、丙炔氟草胺、噻吩磺隆、精异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、二甲戊灵、扑·乙、仲灵·乙草胺、精异丙甲草胺+唑嘧磺草胺、精异丙甲草胺+丙炔氟草胺、精异丙甲草胺+噻吩磺隆、异[口恶]草松、精异丙甲草胺+异[口恶]草松和噻磺·乙草胺)进行筛选。盆栽试验结果显示,前11种除草剂对大豆和玉米的出苗及生长无明显抑制作用,且对2种作物安全。田间试验结果表明,药后50 d,960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 1728 g a.i./hm^(2)+75%噻吩磺隆WG 22.5 g a.i./hm^(2)和960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 1728 g a.i./hm^(2)+51%丙炔氟草胺WG 76.5 g a.i./hm^(2)对杂草的株防效为75.68%~86.37%,鲜重防效为89.02%~90.96%,适用于禾本科、阔叶类、莎草科杂草混合发生的田块;在单剂处理中,960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 1728 g a.i./hm^(2)对禾本科杂草的株防效为81.27%,80%唑嘧磺草胺WG 48 g a.i./hm^(2)对阔叶类杂草的株防效为79.23%,分别适用于以禾本科杂草、阔叶类杂草为主的田块,对杂草有较好的防效,且对大豆、玉米安全。除草剂处理均增加了大豆和玉米的产量,分别比对照增产5.34%~21.20%和7.40%~19.45%。To explore the effect of different pre-emergent herbicides on weed control and their selectivity to soybean and corn in belt composite planting fields,pot experiments in laboratory and field experiments were carried out in 2023 and 2024,respectively.14 Pre-emergent herbicides were screeninged,including flumetsulam,flumioxazin,thifensulfuron-methyl,S-metolachlor,acetochlor,pendimethalin,prometryn·acetochlor,butralin·acetochlor,S-metolachlor+flumetsulam,S-metolachlor+flumioxazin,S-metolachlor+thifensulfuron-methyl,clomazone,S-metolachlor+clomazone and thifensulfuron-methyl·acetochlor.The results of pot experiments showed that the first 11 herbicides had no significant inhibition on the emergence or growth of soybean and corn,and were selective to these two crops.Field experiments demonstrated that 55 days after application control effects based on plant of S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC at 1728 g a.i./hm^(2)+thifensulfuron-methyl 75%WG at 22.5 g a.i./hm^(2) and S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC at 1728 g a.i./hm^(2)+flumioxazin 51%WG at 76.5 g a.i./hm^(2) on weeds ranged from 75.68%to 86.37%,control effects based on fresh weight were 89.02%-90.96%,which were suitable for the mixed occurrence of gramineae,and broadleaf and cyperaceae weeds in the field,respectively.Control effects based on plant of the single dose treatment of S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC at 1728 g a.i./hm^(2) on gramineous weeds achieved 81.27%,while control effects based on plant of flumetsulam 80%WG at 48 g a.i./hm^(2) on broad-leaved weeds resulted in 79.23%.These two herbicides application were suitable for fields dominated by gramineous weeds,and broad-leaved weeds,respectively,presenting good weed control effect and selectivity to soybeans and corn.Herbicides applications resulted in a yield increase of 5.34%-21.20%for soybean and 7.40%-19.45%for corn,respectively.

关 键 词：大豆-玉米带状复合种植田 间作 封闭除草剂 安全性 除草效果 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]