75%甲嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂对水稻、小麦、油菜的安全性评价  

Selectivity Evaluation of Sulfometuron-Methyl 75%WP on Rice,Wheat and Rape

作　　者：朱友理 何东兵 吴小美 荆国芳 李传德 庄义庆[3] ZHU Youli;HE Dongbing;WU Xiaomei;JING Guofang;LI Chuande;ZHUANG Yiqing(Zhenjiang Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Station,Zhenjiang 212009,China;Zhenjiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Zhenjiang 212009,China;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]镇江市植保植检站,江苏镇江212009 [2]镇江市农业农村局,江苏镇江212009 [3]江苏省农业科学院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第4期76-81,共6页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：镇江市技能大师工作室启动资金(编号:镇人社发〔2023〕56号);镇江市第六期“169工程”科研项目(编号:镇人才办〔2021〕19号)。

摘　　要：为评价甲嘧磺隆对水稻、小麦和油菜的安全性,并为甲嘧磺隆药害鉴定等提供依据,2022年在镇江市通过平皿法研究了75%甲嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂0.02~4.86μg a.i./L等6个剂量梯度对稻麦油12个品种幼苗根系生长的抑制情况。结果发现:甲嘧磺隆0.02~0.18μg a.i./L对供试水稻根长的抑制率为15.53%~31.35%,对小麦为1.93%~10.44%,对油菜为33.73%~59.60%,敏感性依次为油菜>水稻>小麦;0.54~4.86μg a.i./L甲嘧磺隆对水稻根长的抑制率为69.20%~91.46%,对小麦为40.09%~72.64%,对油菜为62.15%~66.71%,敏感性依次为水稻>小麦>油菜。幼苗期水稻对灌溉水中甲嘧磺隆的安全剂量上限(IC_(10)值)为1.94×10^(-5) mg a.i./L,不同品种间敏感性依次为镇稻668>南粳3908>南粳5055>镇稻28>浙粳优1758;小麦为6.44×10^(-6) mg a.i./L,不同品种间敏感性依次为镇麦168>镇麦15>镇麦18>扬麦23>扬麦33;油菜为1.52×10^(-9) mg a.i./L,不同品种间敏感性依次为德天118>沣油737。综上,水稻、小麦、油菜等作物对甲嘧磺隆高度敏感,且不同品种间敏感性不同,灌溉水中甲嘧磺隆剂量超过3.06×10^(-5) mg a.i./L时会对水稻等作物造成明显药害,使用甲嘧磺隆必须远离农田、水源等。作物受害后可以多次喷淋清水,喷施芸苔素内酯等植物生长调节剂或吡唑解草酯、双苯[口恶]唑酸等解毒剂缓解药害症状。当农田中甲嘧磺隆剂量下降到一定程度之后,根据生长季节选择种植耐害性较高的作物,如花生、大豆、水稻(镇稻668)或小麦(镇麦168)等。In order to evaluate selectivity of sulfometuron-methyl on rice,wheat and rape,and provide a basis for its phytotoxicity identification,inhibition of six dosages gradients of 0.02-4.86μg a.i./L of sulfometuron-methyl 75%WP on root growth of 12 varieties of O.sativa L.,T.aestivum L.and B.napus L.seedlings were studied by plate method in Zhenjiang City in 2022.The results showed that the inhibition rates of 0.02-0.18μg a.i./L sulfometuron-methyl on root length of rice,wheat and rape were 15.53%-31.35%,1.93%-10.44%,and 33.73%-59.60%,respectively,and sensitivity of crops to sulfometuron-methyl was observed as rape>rice>wheat.The inhibition rates of 0.02-0.18μg a.i./L on root length of rice,wheat and rape were 69.20%-91.46%,40.09%-72.64%,and 62.15%-66.71%,and the sensitivity of the crops to sulfometuron-methyl was observed as rice>wheat>rape.The upper limit of selective dosages(IC_(10) value)of sulfometuron-methyl in irrigation water was 1.94×10^(-5) mg a.i./L at rice seedling stage,followed by Zhendao 668>Nanjing 3908>Nanjing 5055>Zhendao 28>Zhejingyou 1758.The upper limit of selective dosages was 6.44×10^(-6) mg a.i./L at wheat,followed by Zhenmai 168>Zhenmai 15>Zhenmai 18>Yangmai 23>Yangmai 33.The upper limit of selective dosages was 1.52×10^(-9) mg a.i./L at rape,followed by Detian 118>Fengyou 737.In summary,crops such as rice,wheat and rape were highly sensitive to metsulfuron-methyl,and sensitivities of different varieties were different.When the dosage of sulfometuron-methyl in irrigation water exceeded 3.06×10^(-5) mg a.i./L,it would cause obvious phytotoxicity to crops especially rice.Application of sulfometuron-methyl must stay away from farmland and water sources.Crops injuried by sulfometuron-methyl required spraying with a large amount of clean water multiple times,and plant growth regulators such as brassinolide or detoxifying agents like pyrazoxyfen and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl could be applied to alleviate the symptoms of phytotoxicity.When the dosages of sulfometuron-methyl in the farmland decreased

关 键 词：甲嘧磺隆 水稻 小麦 油菜 作物品种 安全性评价 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护] S481.9