防除不同生境下加拿大一枝黄花的除草剂研究  

Research on Herbicides for Controlling Solidago canadensis L.in Different Habitats

作　　者：曹晶晶 谷涛[1] 张自常[1] 李贵[1] 娄远来[1] 王红春[1] CAO Jingjing;Gu Tao;ZHANG Zichang;LI Gui;LOU Yuanlai;WANG Hongchun(Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《杂草学报》2024年第4期82-90,共9页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[编号:CX(22)3021]。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜不同生境下加拿大一枝黄花的防除药剂,2023年在江苏省南京市溧水区,采用室内生测法测定29种除草剂组合物对加拿大一枝黄花生物活性的影响,并对各除草剂的环境安全性与适用范围进行了分析。结果表明,在加拿大一枝黄花株高为30 cm时,草甘膦、草铵膦及其与氯氟吡氧乙酸或三氯吡氧乙酸等激素类除草剂混配,对植株地上部的生长和地下根茎再生的抑制效果较差;筛选出一系列对地上茎叶和地下根茎抑制率均为100%的药剂,其中双氟·氟氯酯、双氟·氯氟吡、2,4-滴异辛酯、2甲4氯钠盐、双唑草酮等的生态毒性为低毒,在土壤中易降解,可用于防除小麦田、玉米田、果园、桑园、茶园等生境下的加拿大一枝黄花,环嗪酮+草铵膦、氨氯吡啶酸、甲嘧磺隆、氟草啶、草甘膦·氟氯氨草酯等可用于防除非耕地的加拿大一枝黄花,而环嗪酮+草铵膦、氟草啶药效见效最快,可用于非耕地加拿大一枝黄花的应急控害。This study investigated the herbicidal activities of 29 herbicides combinations against Solidago canadensis L.under greenhouse conditions in Lishui District,Nanjing City,Jiangsu Province during 2023,proposing herbicide options for the control of S.canadensis in various habitats based on the specific environmental safety and applicability of these herbicides.The results indicated that glyphosate,glufosinate-ammonium,and their combinations with the hormonal herbicides such as fluroxypyr and triclopyr provided inadequate control of both the aboveground plant and its rhizomes when the plants reached a height of 30 cm.Several herbicides demonstrated 100%inhibition rates on both aboveground shoots and rhizomes.Halauxifen-methyl·florasulam,florasulam·fluroxypyr,2,4-D-ethylhexyl,MCPA-sodium,and bipyrazone which are characterized by low ecological toxicity and rapid degradation in soil,are recommended for controlling S.canadensis in various crops habitats such as wheat fields,corn fields,orchards,mulberry fields,and tea gardens.Conversely,hexazinone+glufosinate-ammonium,picloram,sulfometuron-methyl,flufenoximacil,and glyphosate·fluchloraminopyr were employed for controlling S.canadensis in uncultivated lands.Notably,hexazinone+glufosinate-ammonium and flufenoximacil demonstrated the most rapid efficacy and could be suitable for the emergency control of S.canadensis in non-cultivated lands.

关 键 词：加拿大一枝黄花 除草剂 防除效果 环境安全性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]