“双碳”目标下责任保险机制因应气候损害风险的挑战与优化路径  

The Challenge and Optimization Path of Liability Insurance Mechanism in Response to Climate Damage Risks Under the“Dual Carbon”Goal

作　　者：吴胜利[1] 郑尹娴 WU Shengli;ZHENG Yinxian(Economic Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《陕西行政学院学报》2025年第1期64-70,共7页Journal of Shaanxi Academy of Governance

基　　金：重庆市社科规划项目“承包地‘三权分置’背景下重庆市耕地保护多元规制研究”(2021NDYB030)。

摘　　要：在气候变化成为政治和法律议题的时代背景下,气候损害带来的责任风险不容忽视。预防和分散气候损害风险以提升气候适应能力是实现“双碳”目标的题中应有之义,以侵权责任为基础的责任保险机制在损害填补以及防控风险方面具有独特价值。气候损害责任的可保性可从意外性要求、危险未发生、精确估算要求以及因果关系四个方面证成。气候损害风险的不确定性阻碍责任保险风险防控功能的发挥。责任保险机制作为仍待发展的气候损害风险管理制度工具,应厘清其事前预防风险和事后分散风险的功能定位,在国家的引导和激励下因应气候损害风险积极作出调整和优化。In the context of climate change becoming a political and legal issue,the liability risks arising from climate damage cannot be ignored.Preventing and dispersing climate damage risks to enhance climate adaptability is an essential part of achieving the“dual carbon”goal,and the tort liability-based liability insurance mechanism has unique value in damage compensation and risk prevention.The insurability of climate damage liability can be substantiated from four aspects:the requirement for accidentality,the absence of danger,the requirement for precise estimation,and causality.The uncertainty of climate damage risks hinders the effectiveness of liability insurance’s risk prevention function.As a developing tool for climate damage risk management system,the liability insurance mechanism should clarify its function positioning of preventing risks beforehand and dispersing risks afterwards,actively adjusting and optimizing it in response to climate damage risks under the guidance and incentives of the state.

关 键 词：气候损害风险 风险管制 责任保险 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]