受行政处罚行为的主观要素体系构建  

On the Construction of Subjective Elements System of Administrative Punishment Acts

作　　者：任肖容 REN Xiaorong(Institute of Prosecutorial Theory of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院检察理论研究所,北京100144

出　　处：《陕西行政学院学报》2025年第1期103-108,共6页Journal of Shaanxi Academy of Governance

摘　　要：2021年《中华人民共和国行政处罚法》的修订,推动我国行政处罚由“结果主义”向“责任主义”转型。在法规规定特定主观要素时,主观要素成为行为违法性的构成要件要素,行政机关应对特定的主观要素加以证明。相反,主观要素为责任构成要件,需行政相对人承担举证责任,并达到“足以”的证明标准。为更好保护行政相对人权益,促进执法、复议、诉讼中的举证责任协调统一,确保行政机关履行调查取证义务,条件成熟时应由行政机关承担主观要素证明责任。The revision of the“Administrative Punishment Law”in 2021 has promoted the transformation of China’s administrative punishment from“consequentialism”to“accountability”.When regulations stipulate specific subjective elements,the subjective elements become the constituent elements of the illegality of the act,and the administrative organ should prove the specific subjective elements.On the contrary,the subjective element is the constitutive element of responsibility,which requires the administrative counterpart to bear the burden of proof and achieve the“sufficient”proof standard.In order to better protect the rights and interests of administrative counterparties,promote the coordination and unity of the burden of proof in law enforcement,reconsideration,and litigation,and ensure that administrative agencies fulfill their investigation and evidence collection obligations,when conditions are mature,the administrative agencies should bear the subjective element proof responsibility.

关 键 词：行政处罚 主观要素 构成要件 证明责任 主观过错 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]