超深层碎屑岩有效储层成储机理与油气勘探前景  

Formation mechanisms of effective ultra- deep clastic reservoirs and their oil and gas exploration prospects

作　　者：胡宗全[1,2] 齐育楷 张福顺[1,2] 王瀚洲[1,2] 郭景祥 王静怡 王濡岳 HU Zongquan;QI Yukai;ZHANG Fushun;WANG Hanzhou;GUO Jingxiang;WANG Jingyi;WANG Ruyue(Key Laboratory of Geology and Resources in Deep Strata,Beijing 102206,China;Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质学报》2025年第2期631-648,共18页Acta Geologica Sinica

摘　　要：深埋条件下碎屑岩是否发育有效储层是储层地质研究和油气勘探的重要问题。随着勘探实践、地质认识和工程技术的不断发展,传统认识不断被突破,目前油气勘探实践证实在埋藏深度6000~8000 m的超深层仍然发育碎屑岩有效储层。通过对深埋背景下碎屑岩储层形成机理的系统调研,结合中西部四大盆地典型深层储层的多尺度观察,明确了沉积作用控制储层原始条件、多种成岩作用控制有效储层的成储机理。结果表明,在深层超深层条件下,碎屑岩高能沉积相带原生孔隙发育条件好、逼近主力烃源岩就近配置、多期油气充注、超压条件、低地温场对成岩演化的抑制作用等有利于碎屑岩保存原生孔隙并形成溶蚀孔隙,晚期构造改造作用有利于形成裂缝并改善孔渗性能,超深层碎屑岩仍具有巨大的勘探潜力。在沉积-成岩-构造三元复合控制下的碎屑岩有利储层发育带是有利的勘探区带。The development of effective hydrocarbon reservoirs in clastic sedimentary rocks subjected to deep burial conditions is a crucial area of investigation in reservoir research and hydrocarbon exploration.With the continuous development of exploration practices,geological understanding,and engineering technologies,traditional interpretations of deep reservoir formation are continually refined.Current exploration practices have confirmed the existence of effective clastic rock reservoirs at depths ranging from 6000 m to 8000 m.Through a comprehensive review of the literature on deep-buried reservoir formation mechanisms,combined with multi-scale observations of typical deep reservoirs in the four major basins of the central and western regions,the effect of original sedimentation conditions and various diagenetic processes on reservoir formation has been clarified.Our findings show that under deep and ultra-deep conditions,several key factors contribute to the preservation of primary pores and the formation of dissolution pores in clastic rocks.These factors include favorable sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions,multi-stage hydrocarbon charging,overpressure conditions,and the inhibitory effect of low geothermal fields on diagenetic evolution.Late structural transformation can enhance reservoir permeability through the formation of fractures.Therefore,ultra-deep clastic rocks possess significant exploration potential.Favorable zones of reservoir development in clastic rocks,governed by the interplay of sedimentation,diagenesis,and tectonic activity,represent promising exploration targets.

关 键 词：超深层 碎屑岩 油气储层 发育机理 有利区带 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]